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How GitHub Actions Chooses the Node.js Runtime for an Action

A JavaScript action’s runs.using metadata selects its bundled runtime—not the Node version installed for workflow shell commands. Here’s what Node 20’s removal means.
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For a packaged JavaScript action, the action’s own metadata chooses its Node.js runtime: its runs.using value tells the GitHub Actions runner which bundled runtime to use. Installing Node with actions/setup-node changes the Node available to workflow shell commands, not the runtime used to execute a JavaScript action.

How the runner selects a JavaScript action’s runtime

The action author specifies the runtime in the action’s action.yml or action.yaml file. For example, runs.using: node24 selects Node 24. GitHub’s action metadata reference documents the supported JavaScript runtime labels; use that reference for the current list rather than assuming any installed Node version can be selected.

The same metadata identifies the JavaScript files to run. runs.main names the main entry point; if the action also defines runs.pre or runs.post, those scripts run with the runtime selected by runs.using.

Why setup-node does not change an action’s runtime

A packaged JavaScript action does not simply launch the node executable found on the workflow’s PATH. The runner carries its own Node executables and selects one based on the action’s metadata. The runner’s Node.js Connection Check describes JavaScript actions as using a built-in runtime under the runner’s externals directory.

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actions/setup-node is for choosing Node for commands and tools run in workflow steps. It is useful when a workflow runs JavaScript through a shell command such as node script.js, but it does not override another action’s runs.using setting. GitHub explains the distinction in its JavaScript action tutorial.

What runs Where its Node version comes from What to change
Packaged JavaScript action, including configured main, pre, and post scripts The action’s runs.using metadata and the runner’s bundled runtime Use a release of the action whose metadata supports the required runtime
Node command in a workflow shell step, such as node script.js The shell environment and executable available on PATH Configure Node for the workflow, for example with actions/setup-node

Node 20 has been removed from GitHub Actions runners

As of GitHub’s September 23, 2026 notice, Node 20 is no longer available on GitHub Actions runners; JavaScript actions run on Node 24, and the temporary ACTIONS_ALLOW_USE_UNSECURE_NODE_VERSION opt-out is no longer available. See the final removal announcement. The earlier deprecation announcement described the planned transition; the later notice confirms removal is complete.

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If you maintain an action

Update the action’s metadata to runs.using: node24, ensure its code supports that runtime, and publish a new release. Changing the workflow’s setup-node version alone does not update the action’s metadata.

If you use an action

Update your workflow to reference a release of the action that supports Node 24. If an older release declares Node 20, installing Node 24 in a separate workflow step will not make that release use Node 24.

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Check platform compatibility on self-hosted runners

GitHub says Node 24 is incompatible with macOS 13.4 and earlier and does not have official ARM32 support. Self-hosted runner owners using those environments should check whether their runner platform can support the action’s selected runtime. These compatibility details are specific to the platforms GitHub identifies; they do not establish a broader incompatibility for all macOS or ARM systems.

The removal notice applies to GitHub.com and GitHub with Data Residency. It does not establish the exact runtime matrix for every GitHub Enterprise Server release, so GHES users should consult documentation for their deployed version.

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Not every action uses a JavaScript runtime label

This selection rule applies to JavaScript actions. GitHub metadata also supports composite and Docker container actions; those action types do not select their execution environment through a JavaScript runs.using label. The metadata reference describes the available action types and fields.

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