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Dental photogrammetry captures the three-dimensional positions of dental implants by photographing identifiable markers attached to them from multiple views. Software uses those images to calculate the markers’ spatial relationships and map them to implant positions in a digital workflow. The result is an implant-position record—not necessarily a complete scan of the teeth and gums.
What dental photogrammetry measures
In implant dentistry, photogrammetry is a way to record where implants sit relative to one another. It is especially relevant to complete-arch digital implant impressions, where the positions of several implants must be registered together for prosthesis design.
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The markers provide recognizable geometry linked to implant connections. Once their relative positions are calculated, the digital record can be combined with implant or scan-body library geometries and used in downstream CAD/CAM work. That record does not, by itself, describe all surrounding teeth, gums, or other soft tissue.
How the camera-to-model workflow works
- Secure compatible markers. A scan body or photogrammetry marker is attached to each relevant implant connection. Its shape must be identifiable to the system, and its connection and digital library must match the implant and workflow. Markers are not universal components.
- Capture multiple views. The camera system images the markers from different viewpoints. Depending on the equipment, capture may take place outside the mouth with an extraoral camera, or within the mouth using an intraoral device or dedicated intraoral method.
- Estimate relative 3D positions. Software interprets the images and marker identities or geometry to determine the markers’ spatial relationships. The general marker-based process is established, but there is no single publicly established reconstruction algorithm that applies to every proprietary system.
- Associate positions with implant geometry. The measured marker arrangement is linked to the relevant implant or scan-body library geometry in the digital workflow. This creates an implant-position record that can inform restoration design.
- Record the surrounding anatomy. If the system does not also scan teeth and soft tissues, those must be captured separately and joined to the implant-position record in the digital workflow.
Extraoral and intraoral systems compared
| Consideration | Extraoral photogrammetry | Intraoral photogrammetry |
|---|---|---|
| Camera arrangement | Camera is outside the mouth and images markers attached to implants. | Capture occurs within an intraoral scanning device or by a dedicated intraoral method. |
| What the photogrammetry record captures | Implant positions; the 2023 systematic review says photogrammetry systems do not by themselves capture adjacent teeth or soft tissue. | Implant positions; whether the workflow also captures surrounding anatomy depends on whether the system integrates intraoral scanning. |
| Markers and compatibility | Requires markers compatible with the implant connection and system’s software library. | Requires markers or scan bodies compatible with the implant connection and the chosen system and library. |
| Reported evidence and measures | A 2026 literature-review abstract reports trueness of 17–18 µm and precision of 2–3 µm for extraoral systems such as PIC and ICam4D. These are summaries of experimental data, not guaranteed clinical results. | The same 2026 abstract reports trueness of 26–30 µm and precision of approximately 4 µm. These figures summarize experimental data and are not guaranteed clinical results. |
| Reported capture time | A 2026 literature-review abstract describes scanning times often under 60 seconds; this is not a guarantee for every patient or workflow. | A 2026 literature-review abstract describes scanning times often under 60 seconds; this is not a guarantee for every patient or workflow. |
These reported values should not be treated as a head-to-head ranking across all devices or clinical situations. Accuracy studies may use different devices, reference methods, patient or laboratory conditions, and measurement outcomes.
#1 Best Overall
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Does photogrammetry replace an intraoral scan?
Not necessarily. The 2023 systematic review notes that photogrammetry does not capture adjacent teeth or soft tissues on its own, so another impression method is needed for that anatomy. Some newer intraoral systems combine photogrammetry with intraoral scanning; in those workflows, one system may capture both implant positions and surrounding anatomy. The actual capture scope depends on the system, not simply on the word “photogrammetry.”
When the anatomy is captured separately, the implant-position record and the scan of teeth or soft tissue must be brought together in the digital workflow. Their roles differ: photogrammetry supplies implant-position information, while the additional scan supplies the surrounding anatomy needed for a more complete digital model.
Rank #2
- Crystal clear pictures.Can be integrated into most North American imaging software
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How accurate is dental photogrammetry?
Accuracy depends on what is measured and under what conditions. Trueness describes how close a measurement is to a reference; precision describes how repeatable measurements are. A low value for either measure is not, by itself, proof that a finished prosthesis will fit clinically: study methods, measurement type, and acceptable fit thresholds matter.
A 2023 EPA Consensus Project systematic review included nine studies—three clinical and six in vitro—and concluded that intraoral scanning and photogrammetry showed comparable accuracy for registering implant positions in full-arch edentulous cases. The review also reported methodological heterogeneity and said clinically tolerable prosthesis-misfit thresholds still need verification. Its conclusion is about that specific use case, not every implant scan or device.
Rank #3
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- ProDENT Intraoral camera has one year manufacturer warranty and phone & remote support for the installation.
A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis included 13 studies—three in vivo and ten in vitro—and likewise found methodological heterogeneity. Stereophotogrammetry performed better in most reported comparisons, but the authors called for further clinical trials. That finding does not establish universal clinical superiority.
Separately, a 2026 literature-review abstract summarized experimental results of 26–30 µm trueness and approximately 4 µm precision for intraoral photogrammetry, and 17–18 µm trueness and 2–3 µm precision for extraoral systems such as PIC and ICam4D. Those figures are not interchangeable with every result in the reviews: study conditions and measurement methods vary, and laboratory performance does not promise the same result for an individual patient.
Quick Recap
Best Value
- PERFECT LIGHTING EFFECT – This light can help you take amazing pictures to show dental treatment results to patients, improve dental laboratory communication and show surface of teeth displaying all fine points. The light has fully adjustable brightness from ZERO to 100%.
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What to check when evaluating a workflow
- Implant and marker compatibility: confirm that the marker fits the implant connection and is supported by the system’s software library.
- Capture scope: establish whether the system records implant positions alone or also captures teeth and soft tissue.
- How separately captured scans are combined: determine how the implant-position record is joined with surrounding-anatomy data for design.
- Evidence relevance: check whether reported results are clinical, in vivo, or in vitro, and whether they measure trueness, precision, linear or angular deviation, or another outcome.
- Workflow time: treat published capture times as study-context figures rather than a promise for every appointment.
Sources and evidence
- Gómez-Polo et al., “Accuracy, scanning time, and patient satisfaction of stereophotogrammetry systems for acquiring 3D dental implant positions: A systematic review,” Journal of Prosthodontics, first published 17 August 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13751
- Rutkūnas et al., “EPA Consensus Project Paper: Accuracy of Photogrammetry Devices, Intraoral Scanners, and Conventional Techniques for the Full-Arch Implant Impressions: A Systematic Review,” 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37314199/
- “Photogrammetry Versus Intraoral Scanning in Complete-Arch Digital Implant Impression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12144927/
- “Factors influencing the intraoral implant scan accuracy: a review of the literature,” Journal of Dentistry, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105973
- “Clinical accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using a noncalibrated splinting technique, intraoral photogrammetry, and extraoral photogrammetry with snap-on markers,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2025. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002239132500736X
- Tasakou et al., “Intraoral photogrammetry for full-arch implant scanning: a literature review,” Journal of Dentistry, April 2026. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300571226001417
- “Accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using intraoral and extraoral photogrammetry systems,” 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40021377/
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