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China Construction Bank’s deposits fund its lending and other assets, while loans generate interest income but also carry credit risk. Growth in either balance can support earnings, but it does not determine them on its own: deposit costs, loan yields, asset mix, impairment and non-interest income all matter. In its latest results available here, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, CCB reported faster growth in net loans than in deposits alongside higher year-over-year net interest income. Its 2025 annual results show why those figures should not be read as a simple cause-and-effect story.
What CCB reported in its first half of 2026
China Construction Bank’s consolidated interim results, announced August 28, 2026, provide the current snapshot. At June 30, 2026, the bank reported RMB 28.44 trillion in net loans, up 5.62% from year-end 2025, and RMB 31.82 trillion in total deposits, up 3.19% from year-end 2025. These are end-period balance comparisons, not year-over-year growth rates.
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For the six months ended June 30, 2026, CCB reported RMB 310.958 billion in net interest income, an 8.46% increase year over year, and a net interest margin of 1.37%. The margin is a bank-reported measure for that period; it is not the same as the interest rate on a particular loan or deposit.
CCB also reported a 1.11% deposit interest rate for the first half of 2026, down 29 basis points year over year, and said current deposits made up over 40% of total deposits. The reported rate is an aggregate bank statistic, not a rate offered to every customer or account. Net non-interest income was RMB 115.375 billion, up 16.31% year over year, while operating income grew 10.48%.
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How deposits and loans feed into earnings
Loans can add interest income
Loans are interest-earning assets. When average loan balances rise, the bank may have more assets generating interest. The income earned also depends on loan yields, repricing, loan terms, borrower and product mix, and how long the loans were outstanding during the reporting period. A larger balance alone does not guarantee a larger interest return.
Deposits provide funding and have a cost
Customer deposits provide funding that CCB can use for lending and other assets. Interest paid on deposits is a funding expense. Its effect depends on both the size of the deposit base and its cost and composition. A higher share of lower-cost current deposits can affect the overall funding cost differently from a shift toward interest-bearing term deposits.
Net interest income combines both sides
Net interest income is interest earned on assets minus interest expense on funding. Net interest margin expresses net interest income in relation to average interest-earning assets, using the bank’s reported definition. Loan growth can support the income side, while deposit growth can support funding; changes in yields and costs determine how much of that activity reaches net interest income.
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CCB’s 2025 annual results provide a useful check on the idea that more lending automatically means more interest income. The filing reports average balances and rates for full-year periods, which should not be confused with year-end balances.
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| Measure | 2025 | 2024 | What it shows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average gross loans | RMB 27.164 trillion | RMB 25.228 trillion | The average loan balance increased. |
| Average yield on gross loans | 2.84% | 3.43% | The reported average yield declined. |
| Average customer deposits | RMB 29.212 trillion | RMB 27.837 trillion | The average deposit balance increased. |
| Average cost of customer deposits | 1.32% | 1.65% | The reported average funding cost declined. |
| Net interest income | RMB 572.774 billion | Down 2.90% from 2024 | Net interest income fell year over year. |
| Net interest margin | 1.34% | Not stated here | CCB’s reported 2025 margin. |
Even though average loan volume grew, its average yield fell. CCB’s 2025 filing says the decline in liabilities cost was smaller than the decline in assets yield, citing asymmetric interest-rate cuts, deposit-rate cuts lagging loan-rate cuts and structural changes. In other words, lower funding costs did not fully offset lower returns on assets. The reported decline in net interest income shows why balance growth must be read together with pricing and mix.
How credit risk and other income affect the result
Loans also expose a bank to borrowers who may not repay. At June 30, 2026, CCB reported a non-performing loan (NPL) ratio of 1.29%, down 0.02 percentage points from year-end 2025. The ratio is a portfolio-quality indicator; it is not the same as provisions, realized losses or a forecast of future losses. Loan expansion can change the bank’s exposure, while actual credit costs depend on defaults, recoveries and impairment recognition.
Interest is not the only source of operating income. CCB’s first-half 2026 net non-interest income of RMB 115.375 billion rose 16.31% year over year. That growth contributed to the broader operating-income picture, so net interest income alone does not describe all operating results, and neither measure alone explains every change in profit.
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- Keep end-period and average balances separate: the June 2026 loan and deposit growth rates compare with December 2025, while the 2025 annual filing’s average balances compare full-year averages.
- Separate volume from pricing: loan and deposit balances can rise even as average yields and funding costs change.
- Distinguish customer deposits from other funding, and do not read consolidated deposit totals as household deposits alone.
- Look beyond net interest income to non-interest income, credit impairment and other reported results.
- Use the reporting period and comparison basis attached to every figure. CCB’s reported averages are not universal customer rates.
CCB’s disclosures establish the balance movements, rates and reported income figures, but they do not quantify how much of any profit change was caused specifically by deposit growth or loan growth. The figures support an explanation of interacting drivers, not a standalone causal claim. They also describe company-reported consolidated results, not a guarantee of future performance.
Sources: CCB 2026 interim results, announced August 28, 2026; CCB 2025 annual results, announced March 27, 2026; CCB Corporation 2025 annual results filing on HKEX.
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