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Brazil elects its president in a two-round contest: a candidate must win more than half of valid votes in the first round, or the two leading candidates face a fresh runoff election. Blank and null votes do not count toward the first-round threshold. For 2026, the first round is scheduled for October 4 and a runoff, if needed, for October 25.
How the first-round presidential vote works
Voters select among registered presidential tickets. The ticket includes candidates for president and vice president, and the winner is determined by the votes cast for the presidential contest.
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The first-round requirement is an absolute majority of valid votes: a candidate must receive more than half of that total. Blank and null ballots are excluded, so the threshold is not calculated from every ballot cast. The Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) explains the rule in its Electoral Glossary.
When Brazil holds a presidential runoff
If no candidate passes the first-round threshold, the two candidates with the most votes advance to a second round. This is a new election, not a continuation of the first: voters choose again between the finalists, and first-round votes are not carried forward. The finalist who receives more valid votes in the runoff wins, as described by the TSE’s election guidance.
Brazil’s 2026 presidential election dates
The TSE’s schedule for the 2026 general election sets the first round for October 4. If a runoff is required, it is scheduled for October 25. These are the dates for the 2026 election, not a permanent calendar rule. See the 2026 electoral calendar.
What voters will see on the 2026 ballot
The presidential choice comes last in the sequence of contests on the electronic voting machine. For 2026, voters choose in this order:
Rank #2
- Federal deputy
- State or Federal District deputy
- Two Senate seats
- Governor and vice governor
- President and vice president
The machine displays the candidate’s name, photograph, office and party. This ballot sequence and display information are described in the TSE’s electronic voting machine guidance. The presidential majority rule should not be applied to every office on the ballot; for example, Senate races are decided by relative plurality.
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The TSE schedules voting nationwide from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Brasília time. For the 2026 election, voters needed to have registered by May 6, and they needed to be at least 16 years old by October 4 to vote in either round. Consult the TSE’s 2026 voter guidance for practical details.
Rank #3
The TSE’s 2026 election page reports 158,765,543 eligible voters. That figure describes the eligible electorate; it is not a turnout count or the number of votes cast for president. See the TSE’s 2026 election page.
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