For Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by Ebola virus (EBOV), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the single-dose Ervebo vaccine for outbreak response and preventive vaccination of health and frontline workers in at-risk areas. For people with confirmed EBOV disease, WHO recommends treatment with either ansuvimab (Ebanga) or REGN-EB3 (Inmazeb), alongside optimized supportive care. These measures are not established for every virus that causes Ebola disease: protection against Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) remains unproven in humans, and WHO says Ervebo should be used in the 2026 BVD outbreak only within a research protocol.
First, which Ebola virus is involved?
“Ebola” can refer to disease caused by different viruses. WHO identifies Ebola virus (EBOV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Taï Forest virus (TAFV) as species known to cause disease in humans. A vaccine or medicine recommended for EBOV disease should not be assumed to work against the others.
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The distinction matters for both prevention and treatment: the established WHO recommendations described below are for EVD caused by EBOV. BVD has a separate, unresolved vaccine question and no approved disease-specific therapeutic identified by WHO.
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Which vaccine does WHO recommend for EBOV disease?
Ervebo for outbreak response and prevention in at-risk workers
In its 9 September 2026 vaccine Q&A, WHO calls Ervebo the only licensed and WHO-prequalified vaccine available specifically for EVD caused by EBOV. WHO recommends it for outbreak response and for preventive vaccination of healthcare and frontline workers in areas at risk of future EVD outbreaks.
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WHO says Ervebo is licensed from 12 months of age, including for pregnant and breastfeeding women during EVD outbreaks. The age and pregnancy-related statements here describe WHO’s guidance; national authorization and program rules may vary, so check the local health ministry or outbreak authority for eligibility.
How people access Ervebo
Ervebo is accessed through public-health programs, rather than as an ordinary consumer retail vaccine. During an EBOV outbreak, countries can request doses through the International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision global stockpile. Preventive vaccination requests for healthcare and frontline workers in at-risk countries can be made through Gavi. Actual access depends on the country’s response program and available supply.
How to interpret the mention of Zabdeno and Mvabea
WHO’s disease fact sheet lists Ervebo and the Zabdeno/Mvabea regimen as approved vaccines for EVD. That does not make their regimens interchangeable or establish Zabdeno/Mvabea as a substitute for Ervebo in current WHO operational recommendations. WHO’s September 2026 vaccine Q&A identifies Ervebo as the only licensed and WHO-prequalified vaccine specifically available for EBOV EVD and provides the current recommendation for it. Consult national regulatory and public-health guidance for the status of other products in a particular country.
Does Ervebo protect against Bundibugyo virus disease?
It is not known whether Ervebo protects people against BVD, and the degree of any protection has not been established. WHO’s August 2026 guidance says that cross-protection is biologically plausible but clinically unproven in humans. In the BVD outbreak addressed by that guidance, WHO says Ervebo should be used only within a research protocol, with clear communication that protection against BVD has not been proven.
WHO’s May 2026 release described a Bundibugyo virus outbreak response in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with cases also reported in Uganda, and said prioritized countermeasures should be evaluated in clinical trials. Those dated reports do not, on their own, establish the outbreak’s status on 4 October 2026.
Which treatments work for confirmed EBOV disease?
For people with RT-PCR-confirmed EVD caused by EBOV, WHO strongly recommends one of two antibody treatments. They are alternatives, not a combination to give together; WHO says the choice depends on availability.
| Treatment | Other name | WHO indication in the cited guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Ansuvimab | mAb114; brand name Ebanga | One option for RT-PCR-confirmed EBOV EVD |
| REGN-EB3 | Atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab; brand name Inmazeb | An alternative option for RT-PCR-confirmed EBOV EVD |
WHO’s guidance also covers neonates seven days old or younger born to mothers with confirmed EVD, even when the newborn’s infection status is not confirmed. These antibody medicines are clinical treatments, not self-administered consumer products. The WHO recommendation applies to EBOV disease; it should not be generalized to BVD or Sudan virus disease.
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Antibody treatment is not a substitute for clinical care. WHO recommends optimized supportive care, which can include rehydration, nutrition, pain and symptom management, appropriate testing, and diagnosis and treatment of co-infections. WHO advises that Ebola care take place in a designated treatment centre and advises against home care.
Anyone who may have Ebola disease should seek urgent professional help through local emergency or public-health services and follow their instructions about reaching a treatment centre. Do not try to manage suspected or confirmed Ebola at home.
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What is available for Bundibugyo or Sudan virus disease?
WHO says no therapeutics are approved specifically for BVD or Sudan virus disease. In the 2026 BVD outbreak response, WHO experts prioritized candidate treatments for evaluation in clinical trials among confirmed cases. These are research candidates, not established routine care.
- For treatment trials: MBP134, maftivimab, and remdesivir were prioritized, including evaluation of combinations.
- For post-exposure prophylaxis research: obeldesivir was prioritized for research evaluation among contacts.
Whether a candidate is under study does not establish that it prevents disease or improves outcomes. Trial availability and eligibility are determined by the relevant clinical and public-health teams.
What outbreak figures do—and do not—tell you
A WHO report on the DRC EBOV outbreak declared on 4 September 2025 states that the outbreak ended on 1 December 2025 and that 47,577 people received Ervebo in the Bulape, Bulambae, and Mweka health zones. Those are historical figures for that specific response, not current outbreak totals or a measure of protection against other Ebola virus species.
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The WHO sources cited for these recommendations do not establish a general comparative efficacy percentage for the vaccine and treatments. A figure from a different virus species, study population, or setting should not be used as if it directly compared these options.
What to check locally
WHO guidance provides the broad recommendation, but it cannot confirm an individual’s local eligibility or whether a countermeasure is available at a particular time. For current details, contact the relevant health ministry or outbreak authority about:
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- whether the outbreak is EBOV, BDBV, SUDV, or another virus;
- which vaccine or treatment the national response is using and who qualifies;
- where designated treatment and vaccination services are operating; and
- whether a candidate medicine is available only through a clinical trial.
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