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End-of-life dreams and visions can happen during sleep or while someone is awake. People often describe deceased loved ones, a comforting presence, or imagery of preparing to leave; some experiences are upsetting or involve unfinished business. These accounts matter because of what they mean to the person having them, but they do not prove an afterlife or reveal one established cause.
What are end-of-life dreams and visions?
Researchers use the term end-of-life dreams and visions (ELDVs) for dreams and waking perceptions reported by people who are nearing death. The term describes what people say they experience; it does not, by itself, explain why it happens or verify who—or what—they perceive.
In a longitudinal study of patients in an inpatient hospice in New York, almost half of recorded experiences occurred during sleep, and nearly all participants said their experiences felt real. The study recruited 66 patients between January 2011 and July 2012; 59 were included in the final sample. Its findings describe that hospice group, not everyone who is dying. Kerr et al. (2014)
What do people report seeing or dreaming about?
Two hospice studies offer useful ways to understand the range of reported experiences. These categories organize what patients described; they are not stages that everyone passes through.
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Deceased loved ones and other familiar figures
Deceased friends and relatives were among the most commonly reported figures in the longitudinal hospice study. Patients also described living friends or relatives, and some accounts involved pets. Experiences featuring deceased friends, relatives, or pets were more comforting than those involving living people, mixed groups, or other content. Comforting experiences involving the deceased became more prevalent as participants approached death.
Presence, preparation and waiting
A qualitative study of 63 hospice patients grouped accounts into six themes: comforting presence; preparing to go; watching or engaging with the deceased; loved ones waiting; distressing experiences; and unfinished business. The themes show that reports may concern more than a visitor: they can also involve a sense of transition, relationships or unresolved concerns. Nosek et al. (2015)
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How common are ELDVs?
A 2023 systematic integrative review searched five databases and included 22 papers describing 18 studies. Its pooled estimate was that 77% of patients in the included patient samples reported an ELDV (n=119; 95% confidence interval 69–84%). That estimate applies to the review’s pooled samples, not to every person who is dying. The underlying evidence spans different studies and methods, and the review found little or no research in acute-care facilities. Hession et al. (2023)
The same review estimated that 32% of bereaved relatives (n=2,444; 95% CI 21–44%) reported an ELDV, and that 80% of healthcare professionals (n=171; 95% CI 59–94%) had witnessed or heard about one in the preceding five years. These figures ask about different groups and experiences, so they should not be treated as directly comparable rates.
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Are deathbed visions real?
They are real as experiences reported by patients. In the longitudinal hospice study, nearly all participants said their dream or vision felt real. That finding tells us how the experience seemed to the person; it does not independently establish that a perceived visitor was present or settle whether the experience has a spiritual, psychological or other explanation.
People may understand an experience through their spiritual beliefs, personal history or another interpretation. The studies do not determine which interpretation is right for an individual. The most respectful approach is to let the person describe what happened and what it means to them, without insisting on either a supernatural explanation or a dismissal.
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Are these experiences always comforting?
No. Comfort is common in the reviews, and the longitudinal study found that experiences involving deceased friends, relatives or pets were more comforting than several other content categories. But the qualitative study also identified distressing experiences and unfinished business. A meaningful experience can be unsettling, and not every patient has the same response.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How should family members respond?
Listen without ridicule or pressure. A few open questions can help you understand what support the person wants:
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- “Would you like to tell me what happened?”
- “How did it feel for you?”
- “Is it comforting, upsetting, or something else?”
- “What do you think it means?”
Follow the person’s lead rather than supplying an interpretation. A qualitative systematic review of hospice studies recommends attentive listening by families and better professional recognition of ELDVs; it says that understanding a patient’s account may help support and reassure them. Rabitti et al. (2024)
Can an end-of-life vision be distinguished from delirium?
The reviewed literature warns that ELDVs may be mistaken for delirium, but it does not offer a standalone test or a rule that lets family members tell them apart from a story alone. Calm or comforting content does not rule out delirium, and an unusual perception should not automatically be labelled an ELDV. If someone’s mental state changes or a perception is causing concern, share what you have observed with their healthcare team; do not use these studies to diagnose or dismiss it.
What these experiences can teach us about life
ELDVs cannot establish what happens after death, but they can reveal what matters to someone near the end of life: relationships, a sense of safety, spiritual meaning, fears or unfinished concerns. Asking what an experience means to the person can open a conversation about those needs without requiring anyone else to share the same explanation.
The authors of Hession et al.’s 2023 review write that “ELDVs are experienced by the majority of dying patients and need consideration in delivering holistic end-of-life care.” Their conclusion is a call to take patients’ accounts into consideration—not proof of a single cause or interpretation.
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