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Use CSS Scroll Snap to make a scrollable container settle on section boundaries: put scroll-snap-type on the container and scroll-snap-align on its section targets. Start with proximity for a forgiving page; use mandatory only when every target and its content remain reachable. Scroll Snap chooses where scrolling settles, not a guaranteed animation or easing curve.
How CSS Scroll Snap works
There are two sides to the relationship: a scroll container that owns the scrolling, and child elements that can act as snap targets. The container defines the snap axis and strictness. Each target defines how it should align when scrolling settles. The browser then applies those rules while the user scrolls.
The W3C model describes alignment between a target’s snap area and the container’s snapport. scroll-padding adjusts the snapport; scroll-margin adjusts a target’s snap area. W3C CSS Scroll Snap Module Level 1
Build a basic vertical section scroller
This example creates a bounded, vertically scrollable region. Its sections can be taller than the visible area when their content needs more room.
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<div class="story-scroller">
<section class="panel"><h2>First section</h2><p>Introductory content.</p></section>
<section class="panel"><h2>Second section</h2><p>More content.</p></section>
<section class="panel"><h2>Third section</h2><p>Final content.</p></section>
</div>.story-scroller {
block-size: 100vh;
overflow-y: auto;
scroll-snap-type: y proximity;
}
.panel {
min-block-size: 100%;
scroll-snap-align: start;
}Here, y selects vertical snapping and proximity makes snapping discretionary. min-block-size gives a panel at least the container’s block size without forcing content to fit inside a fixed-height box. Adapt the container size to the layout: a nested scroller needs a deliberate height, while a normal document page may be better served by applying snap behavior to the page’s scrolling element rather than creating an extra scroll region. See MDN’s basic concepts of scroll snap.
Choose strictness and alignment
mandatory or proximity
| Setting | Behavior | Use it when | Watch for |
|---|---|---|---|
scroll-snap-type: y mandatory |
The browser enforces a defined snap position after scrolling. | Sections are discrete and all content within them can still be accessed naturally. | Long or oversized content can be hard to traverse; unaligned child content may not be reachable as expected. |
scroll-snap-type: y proximity |
The browser decides whether a scroll ends close enough to a snap position to snap. | You want section guidance without forcing every scroll to a target. | It does not guarantee that every scroll ends exactly at a section boundary. |
MDN cautions that mandatory snapping can make points in oversized content difficult to reach, and that children without snap alignment can behave unexpectedly in a mandatory container. Check the content and target layout before using strict snapping. MDN: Basic concepts of scroll snap
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Pick a target alignment
scroll-snap-align: startaligns the target’s start edge with the snapport’s start.scroll-snap-align: centeraligns the target’s center.scroll-snap-align: endaligns the target’s end edge.
Choose the alignment that suits the design rather than assuming every section should start at the top. If a fixed header covers the top of a snapped section, add space to the container’s snapport:
.story-scroller {
scroll-snap-type: y proximity;
scroll-padding-block-start: 4rem;
}
.panel {
scroll-snap-align: start;
}The value shown is only an example; match it to the actual header and layout. A target-specific offset can instead be expressed with scroll-margin-block-start on that target. MDN documents both as ways to adjust snapping geometry: scroll container and target adjustments.
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Snap position is not animation behavior
Scroll Snap controls the positions at which scrolling may settle. It does not standardize how the browser animates or physically moves the page between those positions. The W3C specification says the animation and physics are left to the user agent, so the exact feel can vary by browser and input method. Do not promise identical easing or timing based on scroll-snap-type alone. W3C CSS Scroll Snap Module Level 1
Make section snapping usable across layouts
- Let content grow. Prefer a minimum section size over a fixed height when text, localization, or responsive layout can make a section taller than the viewport.
- Test short viewports. A panel that works on a large screen may become difficult to traverse on a small screen if snapping is too strict.
- Check every input method. Try touch, mouse or trackpad scrolling, and keyboard navigation in the browsers your site supports.
- Account for fixed interface elements. Use container
scroll-paddingor targetscroll-marginto keep snapped content from sitting beneath a header. - Review motion preferences and the real interface. Scroll Snap alone does not guarantee an accessible motion experience; test the page with the motion preferences and navigation methods relevant to your audience.
MDN marks scroll-snap-type as Baseline and widely available, with support across browsers since April 2022. For a named browser/version support policy, check current compatibility data rather than treating that milestone as a guarantee for every historical version. MDN: scroll-snap-type
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Troubleshoot snapping that feels wrong
The sections do not snap
- Confirm that the element actually scrolls: it needs an appropriate constrained size and
overflow-y: autoorscroll, or the snap properties need to be on the page’s actual scroll container. - Confirm the container has
scroll-snap-typeand the intended children havescroll-snap-align. - With
proximity, a scroll may stop without snapping; that is allowed by the setting. Try a nearer stop or testmandatoryonly after checking content accessibility.
A section is hidden under a header
Adjust scroll-padding-block-start on the scroll container or scroll-margin-block-start on the affected target. Make the offset reflect the actual obstruction, then verify at different viewport sizes.
Some content is hard to reach
Look for oversized panels combined with mandatory, or children that lack an alignment target. Switch to proximity, align the intended targets, and ensure long content can be scrolled through instead of trapped between snap points.
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The movement is not uniformly smooth
That is not necessarily a CSS error: the specification leaves animation and physics to the browser. Test the intended browsers and input devices, and avoid treating snapping as a control for precise scroll animation.
Browser support and specification status
MDN reports scroll-snap-type widely available across browsers since April 2022. The W3C module index lists CSS Scroll Snap Level 1 as a Candidate Recommendation Snapshot dated 11 March 2021 and Level 2 as a First Public Working Draft dated 23 July 2024. Those dates describe specification publication states, not a promise that every newer feature is implemented. Check the exact property and browser versions in your support matrix. W3C CSS Scroll Snap module index
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use CSS Scroll Snap on the whole page instead of a nested container?
Yes. Apply the snap type to the element that actually scrolls the page and align the relevant section targets; a separate fixed-height scroller is not required.
Does scroll-snap-type make programmatic scrolling use a fixed smooth animation?
No. It specifies snap behavior and positions, not a standardized animation curve or timing.
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