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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteTo create a CSS hover effect, write the element’s normal style, then add a state rule such as .button:hover to change its appearance while a pointing device is over it. Put any transition on the normal rule so the change animates both on entry and exit. Hover should add feedback, not be the only way to find information or use a control: provide keyboard focus feedback and a usable touch interaction too.
Start with a basic button hover effect
This example changes a button’s background color on hover and gives keyboard users a visible focus indicator:
<button class="button">Save changes</button>.button {
background: #2457d6;
color: white;
transition: background-color 160ms ease;
}
.button:hover {
background: #173b98;
}
.button:focus-visible {
outline: 3px solid #111;
outline-offset: 3px;
}The base .button rule defines the resting appearance. Adding :hover selects that same element while the pointer is over it. The separate :focus-visible rule supplies a keyboard focus treatment; hover and keyboard focus are different states.
CSS hover effect examples
Change a link’s color
Keep links identifiable when the pointer is not over them, then use hover as an additional cue:
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a {
color: #174ea6;
}
a:hover {
color: #982b16;
}Reveal an underline
A text-decoration change gives a restrained response without moving surrounding content:
.text-link {
text-decoration: none;
}
.text-link:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}Do not rely on hover alone to make a link recognizable. Its resting style should still signal that it is a link.
Add a subtle shadow to a card
A shadow can make a card feel interactive without changing the space it occupies in the layout:
.card {
box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);
}
.card:hover {
box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%);
}Add a slight lift
A small transform can reinforce the shadow. Avoid changing margins or dimensions for hover feedback, since that can make nearby content jump:
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.card {
transform: none;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
.card {
transition: transform 160ms ease;
}
.card:hover {
transform: translateY(-2px);
}
}Reveal an image overlay carefully
An overlay can add a visual treatment to an image, but do not place essential information or an action where it is only available on hover. Keep equivalent information and controls available at rest or through an interaction that also works on touch and keyboard.
How to choose properties and transitions
Use the property that expresses the feedback you need: color for a state change, text decoration or border for an affordance, shadow for elevation, or a small transform for motion. A transition belongs on the base rule rather than only the hover rule; that way the browser can animate both when the pointer enters and when it leaves. Specify only the properties the effect needs, such as background-color or transform, rather than animating unrelated styles.
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Keep hover usable across links, keyboards, touch, and motion settings
Use the conventional link-state order
When link-state rules have equal specificity, put them in LVHA order: :link, :visited, :hover, then :active. Later rules can otherwise override earlier ones when both match.
a:link {
color: #174ea6;
}
a:visited {
color: #653a82;
}
a:hover {
color: #982b16;
}
a:active {
color: #111;
}Provide a visible keyboard focus state
Keyboard users do not hover a control in the pointer sense. Add a visible focus style, for example with :focus-visible, and do not remove the browser’s focus indicator without replacing it with a clear one. MDN documents :hover, :focus, and :focus-visible among CSS pseudo-classes: MDN’s pseudo-classes reference.
Scope pointer-only decoration to hover-capable input
The (hover: hover) media feature can apply a decorative effect when the primary input can conveniently hover:
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@media (hover: hover) {
.card:hover {
box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%);
}
}This is a capability check, not a substitute for a touch interaction. MDN notes that touchscreen hover behavior can vary between browsers: there may be no hover match, a brief match, or a lingering state. In its :hover reference, MDN states, “The :hover pseudo-class is problematic on touchscreens.” See also its hover media feature reference.
Respect reduced-motion preferences
For motion effects, make the transition available only when the user has not asked the system to reduce motion. The lift example above uses (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference); users who prefer reduced motion still get the card’s base appearance without the animated lift. For broader accessibility guidance, see web.dev’s accessibility module.
Test the effect and troubleshoot common problems
- The hover style does not appear: Check that the selector matches the element and that another rule is not overriding it. For links with equally specific state rules, check LVHA order.
- The effect works with a mouse but not as expected on a phone: Do not make content or a required action depend on hover. Provide a tap-accessible or persistent alternative; touch browsers differ in how they handle hover.
- Keyboard users cannot see where they are: Add a clear
:focus-visibletreatment and navigate the page using the keyboard to check it. - Nearby content jumps: Avoid changing dimensions, margins, or positioning on hover. Prefer color, shadow, or a small transform that does not reflow surrounding content.
- Motion is distracting: Restrict animated effects with
prefers-reduced-motionand keep the reduced-motion presentation usable without animation.
Test the actual page with keyboard navigation and touch-capable input; a hover rule alone does not establish that a particular implementation works for every browser or device.
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a screenshot of a page showing a hover state, first make that state visible in the page or use a capture workflow that can interact with the element; a static screenshot request does not itself hover or click controls. ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server from Yorker Media. Its browser capture accepts cookie and consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; these steps can be turned off. Bot checks and CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and responses include X-Page-Verdict and X-Billed headers. Its MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents.
One GET request returns an image or PDF. For example, capture a page as WebP with cURL:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for parameters, including options for element capture and clicking an element before capture. ScreenshotNeo has 1,000 screenshots per month free with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Learn about ScreenshotNeo or sign up for the free plan.
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