To create a frosted-glass effect in CSS, give an element a translucent background and apply backdrop-filter: blur(...). The filter blurs pixels behind the element; it does not blur the element’s text or children. Add a subtle border and shadow for a familiar glass-like surface, and retain a readable fallback for browsers that do not support the effect.
Build a frosted-glass surface
This complete example places a glass card over a colorful scene so the blur is visible. The colors, blur radius, and saturation are starting points, not a universal preset.
<div class="scene">
<section class="glass-card">
<h2>Frosted surface</h2>
<p>Place readable content here.</p>
</section>
</div>.scene {
min-height: 100vh;
display: grid;
place-items: center;
background:
radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, #f7b4d8, transparent 35%),
radial-gradient(circle at 80% 70%, #8bc7f5, transparent 40%),
#27324d;
}
.glass-card {
width: min(32rem, calc(100% - 2rem));
padding: 2rem;
color: #101522;
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 68%);
border: 1px solid rgb(255 255 255 / 55%);
border-radius: 1rem;
box-shadow: 0 1rem 3rem rgb(0 0 0 / 18%);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(1rem) saturate(140%);
backdrop-filter: blur(1rem) saturate(140%);
}
@supports not (backdrop-filter: blur(1rem)) {
.glass-card {
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 94%);
}
}The partly transparent background lets the effect show through; the border, radius, and shadow shape the surface but are not special glassmorphism properties. The fallback uses a mostly opaque fill so the card remains legible when blur is unavailable. The prefixed declaration may help in some browser configurations; check it against the browsers and embedded webviews your project supports.
Choose the blur and tint
Blur and saturation
blur(1rem) softens detail behind the card, while saturate(140%) increases color intensity in the filtered backdrop. Adjust both against the actual page artwork: a strong blur can erase useful context, and saturation can make colors compete with foreground content.
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Surface opacity
The example’s white fill at 68% opacity allows substantial backdrop color through. Raise the opacity or use a stronger tint when content behind the card makes text hard to read. A perfectly opaque fill hides the backdrop effect; a very transparent one may leave foreground text with unstable contrast.
Why backdrop-filter may appear not to work
- The surface is opaque. Reduce the alpha in its background color so the filtered pixels can show through.
- There is nothing varied behind it. Blur is hard to notice over a flat, uniform background. Test over text, imagery, gradients, or other visible detail.
- An ancestor bounds the backdrop. The filter works on rendered pixels behind the element up to the nearest backdrop root. Ancestor properties such as
opacitybelow1can establish a backdrop root and limit what a descendant can blur. Inspect ancestor styles, including filtering, masking, clipping, and blending, when the expected backdrop is missing. The exact Backdrop Root definition remains unsettled in the CSS Working Group draft, so do not assume every stacking or containment case behaves identically across browsers. - The browser does not support the property. Support is broad in current browser versions, but older devices and browsers—and some embedded webviews—may not support it. Keep the fallback and verify your target matrix.
- You used
filter: blur()instead. That filters the element’s own rendered content, including its children. Usebackdrop-filterwhen the desired blur is behind the surface and its text should remain sharp.
For more on the distinction between foreground and backdrop filtering, see MDN’s guide to using filter effects. The MDN reference for backdrop-filter marks the property Baseline 2024, broadly available in the latest browser versions since September 2024, while cautioning that older browsers and devices may lack support.
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Keep glass text accessible
Text contrast can change as the backdrop changes, so check the rendered card over every kind of background it may cover—not only the gradient in a demo. WCAG 2.2 Success Criterion 1.4.3 specifies at least 4.5:1 contrast for ordinary text and 3:1 for large-scale text, subject to stated exceptions such as incidental text and logotypes. Increase the surface opacity, adjust its tint, or choose a more stable text color when the actual combinations fall short. See the W3C WAI explanation of minimum contrast.
Compatibility and rendering trade-offs
Use graceful degradation rather than making blur essential to understanding the interface. Test on the devices and browsers your site promises to support, including any webviews your users rely on. Blur requires the browser to process pixels behind the surface, and the cost depends on the page and implementation; the available sources do not establish a general performance benchmark. If rendering feels slow, compare the page with the effect disabled on your actual target devices and simplify or reduce the affected surfaces as needed.
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The CSS Working Group’s Filter Effects Module Level 2 is a draft and states that the group does not yet have consensus specifically on the Backdrop Root definition. Treat intricate ancestor and backdrop behavior as something to test across your supported browsers.
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