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Freedom251 › Blog › Barbicambarus simmonsi

“Crawzilla” Was Huge—Then Scientists Found an Even Bigger North American Crayfish

By Freedom251 Team · · 4 min read

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Crawzilla was not the biggest crayfish ever measured in North America. A 2026 study found a Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish with a carapace length of 86.6 millimeters, surpassing the 77.5-millimeter specimen that became famous as Crawzilla. The same survey suggests that unusually large North American crayfish cluster near an apparent 80-millimeter ceiling—but the researchers stress that this is a hypothesis, not a proven biological maximum.

The new North American record

The larger specimen is a Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish (Barbicambarus simmonsi) collected in Lawrence, Tennessee, in 2011 by Zac Loughman and West Liberty University students. It is housed in the West Liberty University Astacology Collection and measures 86.6 millimeters in total carapace length.

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That measurement covers the dorsal body section from the tip of the rostrum to the joint between the thorax and abdomen. It excludes the tail, claws and antennae, so it should not be confused with the animal’s full extended length or weight.

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Crawzilla is the common name given to a male Lacunicambarus chimera collected by Caitlin Bloomer during a May 2023 bioblitz near Bear Creek in Edmonson County, Kentucky. Its carapace measured 77.5 millimeters. Bloomer initially thought she had caught the largest crayfish anyone had seen, but a colleague who examined it immediately pointed out that museum specimens might be larger.

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“They all seemed to max out around that 80-millimeter mark, but we weren’t sure why, especially given that there are absolutely massive crayfish in other parts of the world,” Bloomer said.

How the researchers measured the specimens

The team searched nine major North American crayfish collections, reviewed candidate series and curator annotations, and used calipers to measure 60 unusually large specimens. Measurements were recorded to the nearest 0.1 millimeter. The researchers then tabulated the 20 largest individuals, representing 18 species, along with each specimen’s species, collection year, locality, museum and catalog number.

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This design is useful for finding a possible size pattern, but it is not a census of every crayfish population. The sample was deliberately enriched for exceptional animals, and museum collections reflect where people collected, which habitats they sampled and which specimens were preserved.

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Crawzilla and the record specimen compared

Specimen Species Locality Collection date Carapace length Measurement basis
Record North American specimen Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish (Barbicambarus simmonsi) Lawrence, Tennessee 2011 86.6 mm Total carapace length, measured dorsally from rostrum tip to thorax-abdomen joint
Crawzilla Lacunicambarus chimera Bear Creek, Edmonson County, Kentucky May 2023 77.5 mm Total carapace length, measured by the same method

Because both figures use the same anatomical measurement, the Tennessee specimen is directly longer in carapace length by 9.1 millimeters. That establishes a larger measured North American individual; it does not mean the Tennessee species is 9.1 millimeters longer in total body length, because neither figure includes the tail, claws or antennae.

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Is 80 millimeters a true maximum?

The 20 largest specimens clustered around an apparent 80-millimeter carapace-length ceiling. Environmental and geographic candidates—including latitude, temperature, oxygen availability, habitat type, evolutionary lineage and collection year—did not explain the pattern well in this dataset.

The authors therefore point to possible physiological limits. Large bodies require muscles capable of moving them and an exoskeleton that can support and protect them, while molting and energy demands may become increasingly difficult at larger sizes. Those mechanisms remain proposals, not demonstrated causes. Ecological effects may also contribute.

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  • The study does not prove that a North American crayfish cannot exceed 80 millimeters.
  • The 86.6-millimeter specimen itself shows that the apparent cluster is not a hard cutoff.
  • The selected museum sample cannot establish the largest individual in every river, lake or species.
  • Future tests could examine metabolic rates, muscle structure, exoskeleton properties and local ecological conditions.

In other words, 80 millimeters is a research lead: a repeated pattern that needs testing with broader, systematically collected data.

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Why the Tasmanian giant is a different comparison

North American records should not be presented as a worldwide crayfish maximum. The Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish (Astacopsis gouldi) is a much larger species. An Australian government recovery plan describes it as the world’s largest freshwater crustacean and reports weights of up to 6 kilograms. The 2026 Ecology paper cites a maximum total carapace length of 147 millimeters.

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Species Geography Reported measurement What the figure represents Evidence context
Barbicambarus simmonsi Tennessee, United States 86.6 mm carapace length One museum specimen collected in 2011 Largest measured individual in the North American survey
Lacunicambarus chimera (“Crawzilla”) Kentucky, United States 77.5 mm carapace length One male collected in May 2023 Formerly publicized as the largest known specimen before the collection survey
Astacopsis gouldi Tasmania, Australia 147 mm total carapace length; up to 6 kg reported weight Species-level maximum figures cited from scientific and government sources Worldwide comparison, not part of the North American museum sample

The Tasmanian figures use the same broad carapace concept for the length comparison, but the 6-kilogram value is a weight, not a length. Mixing the units would make the animals appear directly comparable when they are not.

What this discovery changes

The result turns a memorable field find into a broader biological question. Bloomer’s Crawzilla specimen prompted researchers to look across collections rather than treating one remarkable catch as the endpoint. That search found two exceptionally large specimens in the West Liberty University collection, including the new North American record.

The finding also shows why natural-history collections remain scientifically valuable. A crayfish preserved in 2011 can answer a question that arose from a 2023 field observation, allowing researchers to test whether an apparent record is genuinely unusual or simply the largest animal encountered by chance.

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For now, the careful conclusion is narrow: the Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish is the largest measured North American specimen in this study, Crawzilla is second among the highlighted animals, and North American crayfish in the selected sample tended to gather near 80 millimeters of carapace length. Whether physiology, ecology or a combination of factors sets that pattern will require new measurements and experiments.

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Barbicambarus simmonsiCrawzillacrayfishLacunicambarus chimeranatural historywildlife science

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