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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Central Asian aviation has entered a high-growth phase, according to the Eurasian Development Bank’s report published on 13 October 2026. Airlines in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan carried 31.7 million passengers in 2025—nearly twice the region’s 2019 level. The expansion is creating a large pipeline for airports, aircraft, cargo logistics, maintenance and digital systems, even as outdated market-access rules and weak regional links threaten to limit the next stage of growth.
What the EDB report measures
The updated analytical brief, Central Asia Takes Off: Investments in Civil Aviation Infrastructure, combines data from ICAO, the Interstate Aviation Committee, national statistical agencies, OAG, IATA, airport statistics and EDB calculations. The 13 October 2026 update adds newer Kyrgyzstan airport information, reviews actual airport-infrastructure investment and projects requirements through 2035.
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Its central finding is that air transport in Central Asia is growing rapidly, but infrastructure and regulation are not advancing at the same speed. The region should therefore be understood as five related but unequal markets rather than a single aviation system.
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The numbers behind the takeoff
| Indicator | EDB figure | Qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Passenger-seat capacity growth | 7.7% compound annual growth | 2015–2025, calculated by EDB and OAG; EDB says this was the highest rate among world regions and nearly three times the global average |
| Air cargo | 335,700 metric tons in 2025 | More than four times the 2023 volume |
| Low-cost-carrier capacity | 21% of regional aircraft capacity in 2025 | FlyArystan was the largest LCC in the region, with 28 aircraft at the time covered by the report |
| Foreign direct investment | $1.4 billion stock | Air-transport FDI stock as of mid-2026 |
| Airport-development pipeline | $5.1 billion across 12 projects | Projects underway or planned through 2035; this is not a total of committed capital |
| Regional economic backdrop | GDP rose from $46 billion to $567 billion | EDB calculation for 2000–2025; population increased from 55 million to 83 million |
Which country has the biggest aviation market?
Kazakhstan dominates current passenger traffic, while Uzbekistan is expanding fastest. EDB assigns the following shares of the five-country passenger market in 2025:
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| Country | Share of 2025 passenger air travel | What the report highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 48.7% | The largest passenger market; passenger-kilometres per capita increased 2.4 times over the past decade. |
| Uzbekistan | 35% | 11.1 million passengers in 2025, three times the 2019 level; passenger-kilometres per capita rose 3.4 times. |
| Turkmenistan | 7% | Represents a smaller share of regional passenger traffic. |
| Kyrgyzstan | 5.6% | Airport modernization is becoming a major investment theme. |
| Tajikistan | 3.7% | Represents the smallest share among the five markets in the EDB breakdown. |
Uzbekistan also accounted for about 67% of cargo transported by the national airlines of the five countries, making it especially important to the region’s freight strategy.
Why demand is rising so quickly
Economic and demographic expansion
EDB links the aviation surge to sustained economic growth, larger populations, higher disposable income per person and greater mobility. The region’s thirteen-fold GDP increase since 2000 has expanded the pool of potential air travelers, while population growth has created a larger base of domestic and international demand.
More affordable airline products
Low-cost and hybrid carriers are broadening access to air travel. FlyArystan, Silk Avia, Centrum Air and Uzbekistan Airways Express are among the carriers identified as expanding or widening the range of lower-cost services. The 21% LCC share of aircraft capacity shows that this is no longer a niche segment, although capacity share does not by itself measure profitability or safety performance.
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Fleet renewal and new routes
Airlines are adding and replacing aircraft while seeking new international connections. The result is more available seating and higher passenger-kilometres, but the report cautions that limited city-pair connectivity still leaves many potential regional routes unserved.
Cargo is growing even faster than passengers
Central Asian air cargo reached 335,700 metric tons in 2025, more than quadrupling between 2023 and 2025. EDB attributes the acceleration to new cargo airlines, larger fleets, third-country transit, e-commerce and changing Eurasian trade routes.
Uzbekistan’s My Freighter Airlines illustrates the scale of the shift. The carrier began operations in 2020 and was reported by EDB to have 10 aircraft, including nine wide-body Boeing 767ERs. Fleet composition can change, so that count applies to the report’s 2026 publication context rather than serving as a permanent specification.
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Freight growth creates demand beyond aircraft: cargo terminals, warehouses, customs and digital documentation, cold-chain and transfer facilities, fuel capacity and specialized ground handling all become potential bottlenecks.
Where the investment is going
EDB identifies a broad aviation-infrastructure opportunity rather than a single airport-building cycle. Priority areas include:
- Passenger terminals and regional-airport upgrades
- Cargo terminals, warehouses and transfer systems
- Aircraft purchases and fleet-support facilities
- Maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) capacity
- Ground handling and aviation-fuel storage or blending
- Digital documentation, ticketing and customer-facing software
- Feeder routes that connect smaller cities to major hubs
Airport projects through 2035
The EDB Eurasian Transport Network Observatory identifies 12 airport-development projects worth $5.1 billion through 2035. The figure includes projects that are underway or planned; it should not be read as money already secured or spent.
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Modernization is visible across the region. Ashgabat International Airport, opened in 2016, was built to ICAO Category IIIB standards. In Kyrgyzstan, EDB reports that $190 million has already been invested in Manas and Jalal-Abad airports. Using international construction and modernization experience, the bank estimates that Kyrgyzstan’s potential airport investment could reach $770 million through 2035. That forward-looking figure is an estimate, not a confirmed project budget.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.The constraints that could slow the next phase
Thin intra-regional connectivity
Only a limited number of Central Asian city pairs have direct air links. Travelers often face indirect itineraries even between nearby countries, reducing the practical value of regional mobility and making hubs outside Central Asia more important than they might otherwise be.
Restricted market access
Open-skies regimes are in use in only a few countries. Bilateral agreements dating from the 1990s can restrict airline access, frequencies and routes, limiting competition and making it harder for new carriers—including cargo operators and LCCs—to enter.
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Infrastructure lag
EDB states that the pace of modernization is not keeping up with passenger and cargo growth. Congested terminals, insufficient warehouses, limited MRO capacity, fuel constraints and uneven digital systems can raise costs or cap service expansion before demand is exhausted.
What policy changes EDB proposes
- Broaden open-skies policies: liberalize passenger markets and give particular attention to cargo access.
- Improve LCC market access: remove route and frequency barriers that prevent lower-cost carriers from serving more cities.
- Build regional airline alliances: coordinate schedules and connections so smaller markets can feed major hubs.
- Digitize aviation processes: improve documentation, data exchange, ticketing and customer-facing systems.
- Expand feeder routes: connect regional airports to the principal passenger and cargo gateways.
- Coordinate institutions: align aviation authorities, airlines, airports, ICAO, IATA, development banks and technical experts.
These measures address the gap between strong underlying demand and the rules and facilities needed to serve it efficiently.
What the growth means for the region
For passengers, the likely benefit is a broader choice of routes and price points as fleets, LCCs and airports expand. For shippers, faster growth in cargo capacity could create new Eurasian transit options, but only if warehouses, customs systems and ground operations keep pace. For investors and governments, the opportunity spans the entire aviation value chain rather than only runway and terminal construction.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteThe largest near-term markets are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, so regional totals can conceal very different conditions on the ground. Kazakhstan supplies nearly half of passenger traffic, while Uzbekistan combines rapid passenger growth with a leading role in national-airline cargo. Kyrgyzstan’s airport pipeline, Turkmenistan’s smaller passenger base and Tajikistan’s limited share require separate assessments rather than a one-size-fits-all regional strategy.
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