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Freedom251 › Blog › Bill C-22

Canada’s Bill C-22 Could Push Psiphon, a Censorship-Circumvention Tool, Out of the Country

By Freedom251 Team · · 3 min read

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Psiphon has reportedly said it may move its operations out of Canada if Bill C-22 passes in its current form. That is a conditional plan—not a completed move or proof that the bill automatically applies to Psiphon. The proposed Lawful Access Act, 2026 would create a framework for electronic service providers to assist with access authorized under the Criminal Code or the CSIS Act. Psiphon says its service helps people get around online blocking, but it is not an anonymity network.

What Bill C-22 would do

Bill C-22 is titled the Lawful Access Act, 2026. Its stated purpose is to help law-enforcement agencies and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) obtain information and assistance through lawful investigative powers. The government says the measures are intended to help investigate serious threats and disrupt crime; that is the government’s rationale, not an independent finding that the bill will achieve those results.

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Information gathering and provider assistance

The bill’s first-reading text has two main parts. Part 1 proposes amendments intended to facilitate the timely gathering and production of information in investigations. Part 2 would enact the Supporting Authorized Access to Information Act, establishing a framework intended to ensure electronic service providers can facilitate access authorized under the Criminal Code or the CSIS Act. It also gives the Governor in Council authority to make regulations concerning core providers and their obligations. The bill includes definitions related to access to information and interception of communications.

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This is not accurately described as a blanket order requiring every provider to install a “backdoor.” The proposal concerns legally authorized access and a provider-assistance framework, with important details left to regulations. The precise obligations in the House-passed text—and whether or how they would apply to Psiphon—are not established by the records cited here.

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Where the bill stands

The parliamentary records summarized here do not establish that Bill C-22 has received Royal Assent. LEGISinfo records first reading on March 12, 2026, second reading and referral to committee on April 20, and lists committee consideration. Separately, the Government of Canada Publications catalogue describes a version as having passed the House on June 18, 2026. Those records show legislative progress but do not settle the bill’s current stage or establish that it is law.

Why Psiphon may relocate

Citizen Lab reported on October 6, 2026, that Psiphon plans to move its operations out of Canada if Bill C-22 passes in its current form. The report connects the company’s concern to the possibility that it could be required to compromise privacy protections relied on by people using the service in censored environments. This is Psiphon’s reported position about a possible future outcome; it is not a determination that a particular provision would legally require the company to take that step.

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Psiphon began as a Citizen Lab project in 2006. Citizen Lab says it is used to bypass censorship in countries including Iran, Myanmar, Russia and China. Its director and founder, Ron Deibert, said the bill “will make it impossible for a large number of invaluable privacy-preserving tools and applications from operating in Canada.” That is Deibert’s view, as quoted by Citizen Lab—not a court ruling or an established legal consequence of the bill.

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What Psiphon does—and does not promise

Psiphon describes itself as “a circumvention tool, not an anonymity network.” It is designed to help users get around blocking on the network they are using, and says it encrypts traffic carried through the Psiphon tunnel. Those features should not be mistaken for a promise that a user is anonymous or protected from surveillance. The distinction matters: helping someone reach blocked content is not the same as concealing their identity in every context.

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What “20 million users” means

Citizen Lab’s October 6, 2026 report puts Psiphon’s worldwide monthly audience at around 20 million. That rounded estimate is not the same as a fixed or audited annual user count. When checked on October 7, 2026, Psiphon’s live network page displayed 18,497,771 monthly users, 4,344,379 average daily users and 64,349 TB delivered monthly. These are changing, provider-published snapshots; the page says its figures are updated.

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The privacy debate is not a simple two-sided verdict

The government frames the bill as a way to give police and CSIS tools to investigate serious threats and protect communities. Critics, including Psiphon and Deibert, warn that provider obligations could undermine privacy-preserving services. Privacy Commissioner Philippe Dufresne offered a more qualified assessment when he appeared before the House of Commons Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security on May 26, 2026: he said Bill C-22 “improves on its predecessor Bill C-2 in several respects.” He welcomed the narrower confirmation-of-service demand and the inclusion of potential privacy and cybersecurity impacts as factors in regulations and orders. That statement recognizes changes he viewed positively; it is not an endorsement of every part of the bill.

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