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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Usually not under the current GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals (LSR) accounting materials. The LSR Standard v1.1 describes removals stored in land and geologic carbon pools, but it does not set out an ocean-storage accounting method. You therefore should not subtract ocean-stored carbon from a company’s greenhouse-gas inventory as though the standard had approved it.
An offset or carbon-credit claim is a separate question. A project may eventually support a claim under an applicable methodology, but the reviewed sources do not establish universal eligibility for ocean credits across all standards, registries, voluntary claims or jurisdictions. Any claim needs project-specific evidence for net atmospheric removal, storage durability, monitoring, verification, traceability, environmental effects and double-counting controls.
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What the current GHG Protocol standard actually covers
LSR Standard v1.1 is aimed at land and geologic pools
The GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Standard v1.1 is the current version identified for 2026. It was first published in January 2026, received minor non-substantive edits in June 2026, and has an effective date of January 1, 2027. Its stated subject includes land management, land-use change, carbon dioxide removals stored in land and geologic carbon pools, and emissions from certain biogenic and technology-based removal products.
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Those published scope descriptions do not provide a method for counting carbon stored in seawater, marine organisms, sediments or other ocean pools. The absence of a method is important: a company cannot treat an ocean project as automatically eligible merely because the project describes itself as a carbon removal.
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Inventory accounting is not project-credit certification
The LSR Standard is primarily an annual, entity-level inventory standard. It is intended for companies with significant land-sector activities or companies that choose to report removals or geologic storage in an inventory. It emphasizes complete lifecycle emissions accounting, data quality, traceability to where carbon dioxide is removed and remains stored, continuing storage monitoring and avoidance of double counting in scope 3.
It does not provide requirements or guidance for project accounting, carbon-credit certification or credit verification. Conforming an annual corporate inventory to the LSR Standard therefore does not certify an ocean credit and does not, by itself, authorize an offset claim.
Why a carbon footprint and an offset claim are different
Readers often use “carbon footprint” and “offset” as if they were interchangeable. They answer different accounting questions and can involve different standards, boundaries and owners of the environmental attribute.
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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems| Question | Corporate footprint or inventory | Project or offset claim |
|---|---|---|
| What is being measured? | An entity’s emissions and any removals that an applicable inventory standard permits it to report for a defined year. | A specific intervention’s net atmospheric removal and the associated environmental attribute or credit. |
| Primary boundary | The reporting company and its relevant value chain, including required lifecycle and scope categories. | The project, its inputs and outputs, transport, energy use, leakage, storage pool and monitoring period. |
| Who sets the rules? | An inventory standard such as the GHG Protocol LSR Standard, where applicable. | A current project methodology, program, registry, assurance process or claim framework that accepts the activity. |
| Does one establish the other? | No. Inventory treatment does not certify credits. | No. A project credit does not automatically change a company’s inventory unless the company’s reporting rules permit that treatment. |
This separation prevents a common error: deducting a claimed ocean removal from reported emissions before a recognized project method has established what was removed, where it is stored and who may claim it.
What “ocean carbon storage” can mean
Ocean projects can describe several different carbon pathways. They should not be treated as equivalent without evidence that atmospheric carbon dioxide was removed on a net basis and kept out of the atmosphere for the stated duration.
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Carbon dissolved in seawater
Seawater naturally contains dissolved inorganic carbon, including bicarbonate and carbonate. An increase in dissolved carbon is not automatically the same as a verified atmospheric removal. A project must show the source of the carbon, the change caused by the intervention, the energy and material emissions involved, and whether the carbon remains isolated from the atmosphere under the claimed boundary.
Marine biomass and sediments
Organic carbon can be associated with seagrass, algae, kelp and marine sediments. Carbon uptake by an ecosystem may be reversed by disturbance, decomposition, harvest or changing environmental conditions. A credible claim needs a monitoring plan, a defined storage period, treatment of leakage and a response if stored carbon is released.
Carbonate minerals and alkalinity-related pathways
Carbonate minerals in shells or coral, and approaches that alter ocean alkalinity, involve chemical and biological processes that can change the distribution of carbon among seawater, sediments and the atmosphere. The accounting question is not simply whether a pool contains carbon; it is whether the intervention creates a measurable, additional and durable net atmospheric removal after all project emissions and side effects.
What the 2022 pilot draft does—and does not—tell you
An archived September 2022 pilot draft is useful historical context, not current finalized policy. It described ocean-based pools as including marine organic and inorganic carbon pools, with examples such as dissolved bicarbonate and carbonate, carbonate minerals in shells or coral, and organic carbon in seagrass, algae, kelp or sediments.
That draft said its guidance did not cover ocean- or freshwater-based pools because the working group lacked sufficient data and methods at the time. It would be inaccurate to present that sentence as a quotation from the finalized v1.1 standard, or to claim that the draft permanently bans every ocean-based credit. The current, narrower conclusion is that the LSR materials identified for 2026 do not establish an ocean-storage accounting method.
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Evidence a project or offset claim should provide
Because inventory rules do not certify projects, evaluate an ocean claim using a current, applicable methodology and insist on evidence across the whole chain from removal to claim ownership.
1. Net atmospheric removal
Start with a mass balance. The project should quantify gross carbon dioxide removal, then subtract emissions from electricity, fuel, construction, chemicals, vessels, processing, transport, monitoring and end-of-life activities. Include induced emissions, leakage and any credited co-products where relevant. The result should be a net atmospheric removal, not a gross amount of carbon moved into seawater or biomass.
2. A precise storage pool and durability period
Identify the physical pool: open-ocean water, a defined marine ecosystem, a sediment layer, carbonate minerals or another location. State how long storage is expected to persist, what could reverse it and who is responsible for monitoring and compensating for a reversal. “Permanent” should not be used without a stated permanence model and risk treatment.
3. Measurement, reporting and verification
Require a documented measurement method, baseline, sampling design, model assumptions, uncertainty range, data-quality controls and monitoring schedule. Independent verification should cover both the removal quantity and the claim period. A model output without field measurements may be useful research, but it is not automatically evidence for a tradable credit.
4. Additionality and boundaries
The method should explain what would happen without the project, which activities are inside the boundary and why the claimed removal is additional. Make sure avoided emissions, temporary storage and permanent removal are not mixed in one number.
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5. Traceability and claim ownership
Document where the removal occurred, the project operator, the registry or tracking system, the serial number or equivalent record, and the party that owns the environmental attribute. A buyer should be able to determine whether the same removal has been reported by the developer, a host country, a corporate inventory or another purchaser.
6. Double-counting controls
Explain how the project prevents double issuance, double use and double claiming. Where national or subnational accounting interacts with a voluntary claim, disclose the treatment of corresponding adjustments or any alternative accounting safeguard required by the relevant program.
7. Environmental and social safeguards
Assess effects on marine chemistry, oxygen levels, habitats, fisheries and other ecological functions, as well as impacts on coastal communities, Indigenous peoples, workers and other affected groups. List permits, consultation, grievance channels and mitigation measures. A carbon benefit does not erase material environmental harm.
A practical review process for a proposed ocean credit
- Classify the claim. Decide whether you are preparing an annual corporate inventory, buying a project credit, making a product claim or communicating a contribution claim. Do not combine these categories.
- Locate the governing method. Ask the developer to identify the current methodology, registry rules, verification standard and geographic eligibility that apply to the exact project type.
- Draw the system boundary. Map energy, materials, vessels, infrastructure, transport, monitoring, leakage, co-products and end-of-life emissions before accepting a removal quantity.
- Test the removal mechanism. Require a causal explanation and data showing atmospheric carbon dioxide was removed, rather than merely redistributed among ocean reservoirs.
- Review storage and reversal risk. Check the physical pool, expected duration, leakage pathways, monitoring period, buffer or replacement provisions and the party liable for reversals.
- Inspect MRV evidence. Read the baseline, sampling plan, models, uncertainty treatment, data logs and independent verification statement. Ask what would trigger a correction or credit cancellation.
- Check ownership and duplicate claims. Reconcile project records, registry serials, corporate disclosures and any government accounting that covers the same activity.
- Publish a qualified statement. State the project method, vintage, quantity, net basis, storage pool, monitoring status, verification scope and limitations. Do not describe an unverified potential as an achieved removal.
What the 2026 scientific assessment says about marine CDR
The National Academies’ September 2026 update reports progress in marine carbon-dioxide-removal research, technology development, private-sector involvement and movement toward field testing. It also identifies major unresolved questions: whether approaches can remove carbon dioxide at meaningful scale, whether removal can be measured and verified reliably, what environmental effects may occur and how governance should work.
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- INSTALLS IN CIRCUIT PANEL of most homes with clamp-on sensors. Supports Single phase, Single-split phase, and 2-wire systems. 3-wire systems; 3-phase, 4-wire Wye systems with earthed (TN or TT) neutral (no-Delta) are supported with an additional 200A sensor (sold separately).
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The National Academies summarized its position conditionally: “The report reemphasizes that marine CDR, if demonstrated to be feasible and responsible, could supplement reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.” The qualification matters. The statement is not a finding that every marine pathway is ready for corporate offsetting, nor that a particular project has met a credit standard.
How different users should report ocean projects
| User | Safer treatment | What to disclose |
|---|---|---|
| Corporate sustainability team | Keep the activity separate from LSR inventory removals unless an applicable inventory rule explicitly permits the treatment. | Project identity, methodology, net quantity, verification, storage pool, monitoring and any claim made outside the inventory. |
| Project developer | Use a current project methodology and do not imply that LSR conformity certifies credits. | Boundary, lifecycle emissions, baseline, MRV, uncertainty, permanence, ecological assessment and ownership. |
| Credit buyer | Buy only a credit whose issuance, retirement and claim rights are documented under an applicable program. | Serial or registry record, retirement beneficiary, vintage, reversal policy and duplicate-claim controls. |
| Product-claim team | Apply the relevant product life-cycle rules separately from project-credit eligibility. | Product boundary, allocation, data quality and the exact wording and scope of any ocean-removal claim. |
The GHG Protocol Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard addresses product life-cycle emissions. GHG Protocol has said it is working with ISO on an updated harmonized product-level standard, but that work does not itself determine whether an ocean CDR project may issue or support an offset.
Common mistakes and how to correct them
- “The ocean absorbed carbon, so we can subtract it.” Correct this by separating natural ocean uptake from additional, project-caused net atmospheric removal.
- “The LSR Standard covers removals, therefore it covers our ocean project.” Check the named storage pools and method. The current LSR materials identified here do not state an ocean-storage method.
- “A pilot draft prohibited ocean credits forever.” Label the 2022 text as archival guidance that cited insufficient data and methods at that time.
- “A registry listing proves the climate claim.” Review the methodology, verification scope, lifecycle emissions and ownership record; registry appearance alone does not answer every claim question.
- “Gross tonnes removed are the number to advertise.” Report net atmospheric removal after project emissions, leakage and uncertainty, with the calculation boundary attached to the figure.
- “One standard works everywhere.” State the jurisdiction, program, methodology version and claim type. Rules can differ among regulatory inventories, voluntary programs and national accounting.
Bottom line for a company deciding what to say
Do not deduct ocean-stored carbon from a corporate footprint under the current GHG Protocol LSR materials unless a future or applicable rule explicitly provides that treatment. Treat any offset or carbon-credit statement as a separate project-claim decision. Use a current methodology, prove net atmospheric removal, identify and monitor the storage pool, disclose uncertainty and environmental effects, and show who owns the claim and how double counting is prevented.
Marine CDR may supplement emissions reductions if it is demonstrated to be feasible and responsible, but the 2026 scientific assessment still identifies scale, measurement, verification, environmental effects and governance as open questions. A precise, qualified disclosure is more defensible than presenting ocean storage as an automatically recognized offset.
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