Kamailio provides IMS modules and example configurations for the P-CSCF, I-CSCF, and S-CSCF roles, so it can form the signaling foundation of an IMS core. That does not, by itself, make a deployment 3GPP-compliant or production-ready: both claims depend on a chosen standards release and operator profile, external network functions, implementation details, and test evidence. Treat the official single-machine “IMS in a box” as a learning lab, not as proof of carrier-grade capability.
What do the P-CSCF, I-CSCF, and S-CSCF do?
These are distinct SIP control functions in an IMS network. Kamailio’s IMS overview and KamailioWorld 2018 workshop describe the roles and show role-specific configurations. Their functions do not replace the supporting subscriber, policy, charging, or media systems an operator may require.
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| Role | Place in the signaling path | Kamailio scope described in the sources | Important dependency or boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| P-CSCF | UE-facing proxy that remains in the signaling path. | The workshop describes message validation and possible QoS, SigComp, IPsec, and TLS/SRTP translation functions. The ims_registrar_pcscf module documents REGISTER processing for a P-CSCF. |
ims_registrar_pcscf depends on ims_usrloc_pcscf and Kamailio’s internal IMS library. The feature list is not evidence that every function is configured or validated in a given deployment. |
| I-CSCF | Entry point for requests addressed to a network domain. | The workshop describes querying an HSS to find an S-CSCF, or to select an HSS, then forwarding the request. Kamailio’s ims_icscf overview describes querying a third-party HSS. |
The HSS is an external subscriber-data function; its interface and behavior must match the selected configuration. |
| S-CSCF | Serving control function for a subscriber’s IMS registration and subsequent service routing. | The workshop describes registration, application-server forwarding, routing, and charging; the Kamailio overview identifies an S-CSCF registrar module. | Application servers and charging systems are integrations, not functions that appear automatically when the S-CSCF role is enabled. |
These descriptions are role maps, not a complete interface or conformance specification. Consult the documentation for the precise Kamailio version and modules selected.
How do I build an IMS core with Kamailio?
Start by defining the target network and test criteria, then assemble the roles and integrations around that target. Do not treat a sample configuration as a universal recipe: the available sources describe example layouts but do not establish one current, release-independent deployment procedure.
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- Choose the standards baseline. Record the 3GPP release, the operator or regional profile, and the exact specifications and versions to implement. For IMS SIP/SDP call control, TS 24.229 is maintained under change control. ETSI TS 124 229 V19.5.0 corresponds to 3GPP TS 24.229 Release 19 and is dated February 2026. Re-check the 3GPP catalogue for revisions before implementation and testing.
- Select a Kamailio release and module source. Confirm that the role modules and dependencies you need are available in that release. The version-specific Kamailio 5.7
ims_qosdocumentation, for example, should not be assumed to describe every later or earlier release. - Define external interfaces. Specify how the I-CSCF and S-CSCF obtain subscriber and serving information from an HSS, and how policy authorization, charging, and application-server functions will be reached. The three CSCF roles do not supply those external systems.
- Build a lab topology. The official “IMS in a box” puts the P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF, and HSS on one machine for educational use. Its author, DI Franz Edler of the University of Applied Sciences / Vienna, calls it “a stripped-down version of Kamailio-IMS.” The document says advanced functions such as NAT handling, RTP relay, antiflooding, capturing, and dispatching are omitted or disabled. Use it to learn the arrangement and configuration flow, not as a production topology.
- Configure and validate one role at a time. Exercise the P-CSCF registration path, I-CSCF HSS lookup and forwarding, and S-CSCF registration and service routing against the chosen interfaces. Check how failures, timeouts, and unavailable dependencies are handled before combining the paths.
- Expand to operational requirements. Add the security, media, policy, charging, persistence, resilience, and observability behavior required by the target operator profile. Validate each addition against the relevant specification and deployment requirements rather than assuming the lab covers it.
The KamailioWorld 2018 workshop lists Linux, DNS, persistent storage, and a network HSS as setup prerequisites and shows separate role configurations. Those are useful historical orientation, not a current installation guide. An older IMS installation how-to likewise describes separate P-, I-, and S-CSCF files and Diameter XML settings, but explicitly labels itself outdated; use it only as a clue to the historical configuration shape.
What is—and is not—established by Kamailio’s IMS documentation?
The available material establishes that Kamailio publishes IMS modules and role-oriented example configurations. It also documents specific module scope and dependencies, such as P-CSCF registration and the versioned QoS module. It does not provide an independent 3GPP conformance report or a complete release-by-release conformance matrix for an assembled core.
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Accordingly, “3GPP-compliant” should be treated as a deployment goal to demonstrate, not a product property inferred from module names or a successful lab call. For a defensible claim, maintain a traceable mapping from each applicable requirement in the chosen release and operator profile to implementation evidence and test results. Record any exclusions and deviations explicitly.
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Does Kamailio support IMS over 5G?
Kamailio’s documented ims_qos path is based on policy authorization over Rx using Diameter toward a PCRF. The module documentation is for Kamailio 5.7 and lists dependencies including CDP (Diameter Peer), CDP_AVP, transaction management, dialog, and P-CSCF user-location modules. Verify module names, interface support, and configuration against the exact Kamailio release you choose.
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That documented Rx/PCRF model is not the same claim as implementing 5G policy authorization through a PCF and service-based interfaces. The 3GPP catalogue includes TS 29.514 for 5G policy authorization. A 27 September 2026 post on Kamailio’s sr-users list announces a separately maintained extension proposing 5G policy and SBI/HSS-facing modules. An announcement does not establish that the extension is merged into Kamailio, released, interoperable with a particular operator’s 5G core, or compliant with a specified 3GPP release. Treat it as an integration path to investigate and verify, not as documented baseline support.
What must be tested before production?
Turn the selected standards release and operator profile into a requirements-to-test matrix. At minimum, settle these design questions before calling the deployment ready:
- Standards and profile: Which 3GPP release and regional or operator-specific requirements apply? Which exact versions of TS 24.229, policy specifications, and related documents are in scope?
- Software provenance: Which Kamailio release and module source are deployed? Are module dependencies and supported interfaces confirmed for that release?
- Subscriber and policy integration: How are HSS/UDM data and PCRF/PCF policy functions reached, and which protocol and interface variants are required?
- Security and emergency behavior: What access-security mechanisms, authentication behavior, and emergency-call handling must the network provide, and how will each be verified?
- Service and media functions: Are charging, QoS, NAT traversal, and media relay required? Which components provide them, and how are their end-to-end interactions tested?
- Operations: What persistence, failover, capacity, monitoring, and recovery behavior is required? A single-machine lab does not establish these properties.
- Evidence: Which protocol traces, negative tests, interoperability results, and operational tests demonstrate each requirement? Keep results tied to the exact software build, configuration, and test environment.
Do not infer scale, resilience, security, or conformance from the existence of an example topology. The official lab explicitly disables advanced functions, while the available Kamailio material does not supply independent evidence that a particular assembled deployment passes a full standards conformance suite.
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