A review manifest is a short, per-export record that identifies the exact file, lists the sources and AI-assisted steps behind it, documents what a human reviewer checked, and notes whether the file carries a C2PA Content Credential. It is a workflow document you design yourself. C2PA defines a standard for signed provenance assertions, but it does not prescribe an editorial review template, so the fields below are a recommended structure rather than a required schema.
The most important distinction is between two kinds of evidence. Editorial review records what your team checked and decided. A Content Credential records signed, tamper-evident claims about an asset’s origin and changes. A valid credential does not replace review, and a completed review does not create a credential. A workable manifest keeps both, clearly labelled.
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What the manifest should record
Each export should get its own record, because a re-cut, a re-encode, or a platform-specific version can change what the file contains. The table lists the six field groups that cover the questions a reviewer will need answered later.
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| Section | What to record |
|---|---|
| Export identity | Project or job ID, export filename, file hash if your workflow calculates one, export timestamp, version, and intended destination |
| Inputs | Source footage and audio identifiers, stills, graphics, generated assets, and source credentials when available |
| AI-assisted steps | Tool or model name and version when known, the asset or segment affected, and the operation performed |
| Edit and export actions | Editor, sequence or version, material transformations, output container and codec settings where they matter operationally, and whether the file is a new rendition of earlier media |
| Review | Reviewer name or role, review date, checks performed, issues found, corrections made, and approval status |
| Provenance evidence | Whether a Content Credential was attached, the result of inspecting it, signer and credential status where the tool exposes them, and the location of the retained original export and this record |
These groups are an editorial recommendation synthesized from C2PA guidance and Adobe’s product documentation. They are not a mandatory C2PA schema. A filled-in entry looks like this:
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Export identity Job: 2026-0412 Filename: promo_v3_9x16.mp4 SHA-256: recorded at export from the file as delivered Intended destination: vertical short-video upload Export timestamp: 2026-09-28 16:42 local Inputs Clip A-017 (camera original, not AI-processed) Music: licence ID MX-7731 Background still: generated in a named image tool, version 2.1 AI-assisted steps Background still generated in image tool 2.1, used 00:04-00:09 Captions: typed by editor from transcript, no AI transcription Edit and export Editor: assistant editor Sequence: Promo edit 3 Container: MP4 Review Reviewer: senior editor Date: 2026-09-29 Checks: captions against transcript; claims against source notes; music licence Issues: one caption corrected at 00:12 Status: approved for upload Provenance evidence Content Credential attached: yes Inspection result: recorded at export (see Premiere section) Original export and this record: archive folder 2026-0412/final
Describing AI work so it can be checked
Describe the actual contribution rather than a single label for the whole video. A useful sentence reads: “AI-generated background image used from 00:04 to 00:09; human editor selected the clip, added captions, and exported the final MP4.” A vague sentence such as “AI-generated video” hides which parts were made, which were changed, and which were only handled by a human.
Generated media versus AI-assisted processing
Keep three categories separate in the record:
- Generated media: an image, clip, voice, or graphic created by a model. Name the tool, version when known, and the time range where it appears.
- AI-assisted processing: an operation applied to human-made footage, such as an automated enhancement or a tool that alters a segment. Record the operation and the affected segment.
- Human-only work: selection, cutting, captioning, and approval. Recording these shows who made the editorial decisions, even when AI tools were present in the chain.
C2PA’s implementation guidance gives a generated-video example that uses a c2pa.created action with the trainedAlgorithmicMedia digital source type. Where the origin and transformation history is available, preserve it instead of implying that one label explains the whole production process. The guidance is at C2PA implementation guidance.
Editorial review and cryptographic provenance answer different questions
The two kinds of evidence fail in different ways, so a manifest should describe each on its own terms.
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| Question | Editorial review | Content Credential |
|---|---|---|
| What it answers | Whether the team checked the content and approved it | Whether signed claims about origin and actions validate |
| Evidence | Checklist, notes, reviewer identity, corrections | A signed manifest bound to the asset, made of assertions, a claim, and a signature |
| Main limitation | Depends on the reviewer’s checks and the record being kept | Validates only the claims it contains, and does not verify depicted events |
| Survives re-encoding or upload | Only if the record is stored separately and linked by filename or hash | Not guaranteed; depends on the pipeline and destination |
| Who sets the rules | Your editorial policy | The C2PA trust model and the validation tool |
C2PA’s own framing puts the purpose in workflow terms: “Provenance empowers content creators and editors, regardless of their geographic location or degree of access to technology, to disclose information about how an asset was created, how it was changed and what was changed.” That disclosure is valuable, but it is the asset’s record, not a verdict on the work. The source is the C2PA 2.4 specification.
Exporting with Content Credentials in Premiere
Adobe’s Premiere documentation, last updated August 11, 2026 at the time of writing, describes three things: configuring Content Credentials preferences, enabling them for export, and confirming that the Content Credentials section is active before you export. It lists MP4 and QuickTime MOV among supported formats. Adobe’s menu labels and options change with software updates, so match the steps below against the current Adobe guide to exporting videos with Content Credentials before you write them into a team procedure.
- Open the Content Credentials preferences in Premiere and set the options Adobe describes for credentials.
- In the export settings, enable Content Credentials for the export, then confirm that the Content Credentials section is active before starting the render.
- Export to MP4 or QuickTime MOV.
- Record the export in the manifest immediately: filename, timestamp, container, and whether the credentials section was active at export.
- Inspect the exported file with Adobe’s Inspect tool and record the result in the Provenance evidence section.
Adobe also documents scanning supported imported media for credentials. Run that check on source material and record any source credentials in the Inputs section, since an export can carry forward claims about its ingredients.
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Checking a credential on the exported file
Inspect the file you intend to publish, not the project file or an earlier render. A reviewer should confirm the following:
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- The signature and content binding validate.
- The recorded actions and ingredients match the AI-assisted steps in your manifest.
- The inspected file is the intended export, confirmed by filename and, where you calculate it, the SHA-256 hash.
- The signer and credential status shown by the tool are recorded as displayed.
If a check fails, do not assume the problem is in the credential. Common causes to rule out first are inspecting the wrong file, an export made with the credentials section inactive, and a later re-encode that changed the file after it was signed. Record the failure, hold the file, and re-export from the retained project rather than editing the file by hand.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What a valid credential proves and what it does not
C2PA manifests combine assertions, a claim, and a signature, and validation and trust assessment are part of the standard’s design. A valid result means the signed claims validate under the applicable trust model. It does not establish that depicted events are true, that every production detail was disclosed, or that the video passed editorial review. Record the validation outcome together with those limits.
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The reverse also holds. A missing credential does not by itself establish manipulation, because C2PA provenance is opt-in and many tools and platforms do not attach or keep it. Treat absence as a fact about the file’s metadata, and rely on your review record and source documentation for the rest.
Uploading to a short-video platform
Adobe explicitly does not guarantee that exported assets published on destination platforms will support Content Credentials. The sources consulted do not establish how TikTok, Instagram, or YouTube handle credentials after upload or re-encoding, so do not assume an answer for any of them. Test the path you actually use:
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- Keep the pre-upload export as the reference file, with its filename and hash.
- Record the destination, upload date and time, and the account or channel used.
- Download or otherwise capture the platform-processed copy when that copy falls within review scope.
- Inspect the captured copy and record whether a credential is present, whether it validates, and what export settings produced the upload.
- Repeat the test when the platform, the export path, or the encoding settings change.
C2PA’s implementation guidance describes a recovery approach for certain workflows: a watermark or perceptual fingerprint can help locate a lost manifest, and the reconnection is documented. This is not a guarantee for every service or transcode, so treat it as a fallback to document rather than a plan you rely on.
Privacy and disclosure in the record
The full manifest is an internal document, and it should contain more detail than a public disclosure. Use roles rather than personal names where a role will do, leave out account credentials and personal contact details, and include only the workflow information needed for the review and for the audience that will see it. C2PA’s explainer frames provenance adoption alongside security, privacy, and human-rights considerations, and the same care applies to what you put into a manifest. The explainer is available at the C2PA explainer.
Comparing review-manifest approaches or tools
If you are evaluating a manifest process or a tool, compare each option on these axes:
Quick Recap
- Evidence type: a human-authored checklist, an embedded signed Content Credential, or both.
- Asset linkage: whether the record identifies the exact file and version through filename, hash, credential binding, or another stable identifier.
- Action detail: whether it distinguishes original capture, generated elements, AI-assisted transformations, human edits, and the final export.
- Verification: whether the tool inspects credentials and reports validation status, signer, and recorded actions.
- Portability: whether evidence remains available after re-encoding, upload, download, or transfer between editing systems.
- Privacy and disclosure: what personal, account, or workflow data is included and who can see it.
- Review accountability: whether reviewer, checks, corrections, and approval are recorded separately from provenance assertions.
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