Blood proteins do change with age, and research models can use patterns across many proteins to estimate age-related traits. But scientists have not established one standard “healthy-aging signature,” or a consumer blood test that can tell an individual how well they are aging or how long they will live.
What is a blood protein signature?
A protein signature is a pattern across multiple proteins measured in blood and interpreted together by a statistical model. Researchers may use such a pattern to estimate chronological age, compare the apparent ages of organs, or study associations with healthspan and disease burden.
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Those are different outcomes. A model that estimates someone’s chronological age is not automatically measuring whether they are aging healthfully, and neither kind of estimate by itself predicts an individual’s healthy lifespan.
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| Study | Participants and measurements | What the model or analysis addressed |
|---|---|---|
| Lehallier et al., summarized by NIH in 2020 | More than 4,000 volunteers ages 18–95; nearly 3,000 plasma proteins measured. A subset of 373 proteins was used for age prediction. | The 373-protein subset predicted chronological age within a few years in the analyzed men and women. The study also reported three broad peaks in protein changes, around ages 34, 60 and 78. NIH summary |
| Organ-aging study, published in Nature in 2023 | 5,676 adults across five cohorts; plasma proteins were used to estimate aging across 11 major organs. | Some organ-specific accelerated-aging estimates were associated with disease outcomes. The finding concerns associations, not proof that a protein pattern causes disease. Nature study |
| Healthspan Proteomic Score, described by the University of Connecticut in 2025 | More than 53,000 UK Biobank participants; the score uses age and 86 proteins. | A research score intended to predict healthspan and disease risk. It is a different approach and endpoint from estimating chronological or organ-specific age. University of Connecticut release via EurekAlert! |
| Exploratory study in Aging Cell, 2026 | 124 participants; 5,416 plasma proteins measured. | Researchers identified 311 proteins that differed in both age-group and disease-burden comparisons. The authors describe these as candidate biomarkers. Aging Cell study |
The figures describe separate studies, with different participants, measurements and goals. They do not add up to one validated protein panel or a single agreed measure of healthy aging.
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Why an age estimate is not the same as healthy aging
Chronological age prediction
The 373-protein result shows that a measured protein pattern contained information about participants’ chronological ages in that study. It does not show that a person whose estimated age is older or younger than their actual age is necessarily aging well or poorly.
Organ-specific estimates
Estimating the age of an organ is a separate research approach. The 2023 study linked some accelerated-aging estimates to disease outcomes, but an association does not establish an individual diagnosis, explain what caused a person’s result, or show that changing the proteins would prevent disease.
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Healthspan and disease-burden models
A healthspan score or an analysis of proteins associated with disease burden may be closer to questions about future health than a chronological-age estimate. Even so, the 2025 score and 2026 candidate-biomarker findings do not make the other studies interchangeable with them, nor do they establish that a blood result can forecast one person’s healthy lifespan.
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Can you use one of these signatures as a consumer blood test?
The evidence described here does not establish a validated consumer test for these signatures. NIH says more research is needed to determine whether such protein signatures can help identify people at greater risk of age-related disease. A research finding or score should not be treated as a clinical result unless a test has been validated for that use.
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For a protein-based estimate to guide care, it would need to work reliably in populations beyond the group used to develop it, and to add useful information to clinical decisions. The studies summarized here use different cohorts and endpoints; the small, single-site 2026 study is exploratory. The cited evidence does not establish that these signatures meet those clinical-use requirements.
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What the findings do—and do not—say
- They do say: Blood proteins change with age, and patterns across many proteins can carry information associated with age, organ-specific aging, healthspan or disease burden.
- They do not say: There is one universal healthy-aging signature, that a model’s age estimate diagnoses how well someone is aging, or that changing a protein pattern will improve health or extend life.
- For readers: Treat these results as promising research approaches, not as a personal forecast or a reason to seek a particular test or treatment.
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