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Freedom251 › Blog › Astronomy

Black Hole Hunters: How to Review TESS Signals for Candidates

By Freedom251 Team · · 3 min read

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You can help search for hidden stellar-mass black holes by classifying signals in TESS star-brightness data through Zooniverse’s Black Hole Hunters project. Volunteers examine computer-selected candidates; they do not make a discovery simply by joining, and any promising signal needs scientific follow-up.

What Black Hole Hunters is asking volunteers to do

Black Hole Hunters is a citizen-science project hosted on Zooniverse. Its official page describes the activity as real research and provides a “Get Started” route, along with classification and discussion areas. The project page lists its launch date as October 26, 2021; an October 2026 article publicized the search, but that does not mean the project itself began in 2026.

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The task is to inspect candidate changes in stellar brightness, not to observe stars through a telescope. The project description says no astronomy background is needed. For the current interface and classification instructions, use the project’s tutorial: Black Hole Hunters on Zooniverse.

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Why a hidden black hole might change a star’s brightness

Many familiar black-hole detections involve an interacting binary: gas pulled from a companion star heats up as it falls toward the black hole and can produce bright X-rays. Black Hole Hunters is aimed at a different possibility—a wider binary in which the black hole is not actively drawing in material from its companion. Without that glowing infall, the black hole may be effectively invisible to ordinary direct observation.

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Self-lensing in a binary

As the two objects orbit, the black hole can pass in front of its stellar companion from our viewpoint. Its gravity bends and focuses some of the companion’s light, briefly magnifying it. This effect is called self-lensing. Because the objects orbit, a brightness change could recur on a regular schedule, leaving a pattern in the star’s light curve.

This search concerns stellar-mass black holes paired with stars—not Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. A self-lensing signal would also not, by itself, prove that the foreground object is a black hole; other explanations must be considered.

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How TESS data and human review fit together

The search uses light curves from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), records of how a star’s apparent brightness changes over time. An AI system screened the data and surfaced candidate signals. People then inspect those candidates because periodic changes can arise from more than one kind of astronomical phenomenon.

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IFLScience reported on October 2, 2026, that a neural network had screened 15 million stellar light curves and surfaced 1 million candidate signals in one week. Those figures describe the model’s reported screening and output, not a count of black holes or verified lensing events. The article also reported five known self-lensing systems at that time, none containing a black hole. The project team’s expectation of dozens of detections from TESS data is a forecast, not a result.

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How to take part

  1. Open the official Black Hole Hunters project page on Zooniverse and choose “Get Started.”
  2. Read the project’s current tutorial and examples before classifying candidates. The reviewed project description does not provide a detailed classification rubric, so follow the instructions shown in the live task rather than relying on a guessed rule.
  3. Inspect the supplied brightness data and classify it according to the project’s guidance. You are reviewing survey data, not collecting observations with personal equipment.
  4. Use the project’s discussion area if you want to talk through classifications or questions with the community.
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What a candidate can—and cannot—tell us

A candidate is a signal worth inspecting, not a confirmed black hole. Periodic brightness changes can have other causes, and a promising pattern needs professional analysis and follow-up before researchers can establish what produced it. Participation gives volunteers a chance to help sift the candidates, but it cannot guarantee that any one person will identify a new object.

IFLScience’s October 2026 article described the Milky Way as having about 50 known stellar-mass black holes against an estimated population of around 100 million, and reported the closest known one as about 1,600 light-years away. These are figures attributed to that article, not counts established by the Zooniverse project page. The scale of the gap helps explain the interest in methods that could reveal systems without bright X-ray emission.

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Project leader Dr Adam McMaster told IFLScience: “We’re hoping to be the first ones to find [a self-lensing system] containing a black hole, but a neutron star will be interesting too!” A neutron star could also produce a scientifically useful result, but it would not be a black-hole discovery.

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AstronomyBlack Hole HuntersBlack Holescitizen scienceTESSZooniverse

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