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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsSome human studies have found an association between measured exposure to particular pesticides and lower vitamin D levels. They do not show that pesticides cause vitamin D deficiency. The evidence comes from two separate cross-sectional analyses of U.S. NHANES data: one studied selected organochlorines, and the other studied glyphosate. Neither can establish which came first or rule out other explanations.
What the studies found
Both studies compared pesticide biomarkers with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or 25(OH)D, a standard measure of vitamin D status. They examined different chemicals, different exposure measures, and different NHANES periods, so their results should not be treated as one finding about pesticides as a whole.
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| Study | Exposure measured | Participants and period | Reported result | Design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang et al., 2012 | Serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides | 1,275 U.S. adults aged 20 or older; NHANES 2003–2004 | Of seven organochlorines detectable in at least 80% of participants, p,p′-DDT (β = −0.022, P < 0.01), p,p′-DDE (β = −0.018, P = 0.04), and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β = −0.022, P = 0.02) had statistically significant inverse associations with serum 25(OH)D. The authors described the findings as suggestive. Study | Cross-sectional analysis |
| Glyphosate analysis, 2026 | Urinary glyphosate | 4,284 NHANES participants; 2013–2018 | The authors reported an inverse association with serum 25(OH)D in adjusted models (β = −4.208, P = 0.009). The coefficient depends on the study’s model and scale; it should not be read as a clinical change in vitamin D without interpreting the methods and units. Study | Cross-sectional analysis |
Why an association does not prove pesticides caused deficiency
Cross-sectional studies assess exposure and vitamin D status within the same general period. They cannot show that pesticide exposure occurred before a change in vitamin D, and they cannot exclude other factors that might help explain the association. These studies measured biomarkers in blood or urine; they did not test whether pesticide exposure made an individual become deficient.
The results also concern distinct exposures: selected organochlorines measured in blood in the 2012 analysis and urinary glyphosate in the 2026 analysis. They do not establish a shared biological mechanism or justify generalizing the findings to every pesticide.
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What counts as vitamin D deficiency?
The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements summarizes the National Academies’ threshold: serum 25(OH)D below 30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL) indicates risk of deficiency. This threshold describes vitamin D status; it does not explain why a person has a low result or attribute it to pesticide exposure. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin D fact sheet
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What the evidence means for readers
The findings are scientific observations, not a basis for diagnosing the cause of an individual’s low vitamin D or for changing diet, pesticide practices, or supplement use. A vitamin D result alone cannot identify its cause, and the studies do not recommend supplements or home tests as a response to suspected pesticide exposure.
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The 2026 paper’s authors state: “Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to clarify causality, the underlying mechanisms, and public health implications.” The causal question therefore remains open in these studies.
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