Gatsby

Gatsby is an open-source React framework for building eCommerce sites, marketing sites, blogs, documentation, and other websites. It suits JavaScript teams that need varied rendering options and a common way to draw data from content sources, APIs, and services. The framework is free; hosted plans add capacity and support, but monthly credit limits can pause projects.

Overview

Gatsby combines a React frontend with a GraphQL data layer through which pages and StaticQuery components declare the data they need. That shared structure is useful for sites drawing on several sources, though it brings more framework than a modest site may need. Gatsby supports Static Site Generation, Deferred Static Generation, and Server-Side Rendering, giving teams options for how pages are delivered rather than locking them into one rendering approach.

Code-splitting, image optimization, lazy-loading, webpack, and Deferred Static Generation come built in. These capabilities give React developers a substantial starting toolkit for site performance and delivery. Gatsby also supports incremental builds, multilingual sites, CMS integration, and a local preview server.

Key features

Data, plugins, and integrations

The GraphQL layer provides a consistent way to request data across content, APIs, and services. Gatsby's Plugin Library has 3,269 results spanning CMS, CSS and UI, analytics, e-commerce, payments, authentication, and search. Official CMS integrations include Contentful, Cosmic, DatoCMS, Sanity, Drupal, Strapi, and WordPress; hosting integrations include Azure, Amazon Web Services S3, Fastly, Firebase, Google Storage, Netlify, and Vercel. That breadth is valuable when a team wants to connect its existing stack, although the framework's data model is a more structured commitment than a minimal site generator requires.

Rendering and serverless functions

Static generation, deferred generation, and server-side rendering make Gatsby adaptable to different page delivery needs within one framework. Gatsby Cloud Serverless Functions on the free plan are capped at 100,000 invocations per month, 128MB of memory, and a 15-second timeout. Those limits suit modest workloads, not functions that need more memory or longer execution.

Security and collaboration

Gatsby says its security program is SOC 2 Type 2 certified for Security, Availability, and Confidentiality, and that it adheres to GDPR. Account protections include one-time-password authentication apps; teams can assign roles and permissions, and users can belong to multiple teams. Repository integrations include GitHub Enterprise Server, self-managed GitLab, and Bitbucket, and a Netlify app is available for Slack. Gatsby does not operate a formal bug bounty program or pay monetary rewards for vulnerability reports.

Pricing

The open-source framework is free, and the hosted Free plan costs nothing, billed $0 forever. It includes 300 credits per month, unlimited deploy previews, and custom domains with SSL. New projects on credit-based accounts start private until published. This is a useful way to begin without a subscription, but the monthly credit ceiling matters: projects pause when they reach their usage limit and resume only in the next billing cycle.

Personal costs $9 a month, billed $9 /month, and includes 1,000 credits per month, priority email support, and one-day observability. It fits a smaller project whose usage exceeds the free allowance or whose owner values faster email support; the credit cap still applies.

Pro costs $20 a month, billed $20 /month, with unlimited members. It includes three or more concurrent builds, 30-day analytics and metrics, and monthly credits from the plan. Teams needing more build concurrency and a longer analytics window have a clear reason to move up from Personal, but the plan still uses monthly credits.

Enterprise has custom pricing and includes a 99.99% SLA, enterprise network tier, SSO and SCIM, and 24/7 dedicated support. It is the fit for organizations that require those service and identity provisions; its price is custom. Support options also include 24/7/365 support with an SLA.

Platforms

Gatsby is available for web, API, and self-hosted use. Its supported languages are JavaScript and Node.js. Gatsby 5 requires Node 18 and React 18, so projects on earlier versions need to meet those prerequisites before adopting that release.

Who it's for

Gatsby is best suited to React developers building content-rich or commerce sites that benefit from multiple rendering strategies, a GraphQL data layer, and integrations with CMS and hosting services. Teams should be comfortable with JavaScript and Node.js and should match their expected usage to the credit limits. It is a less compelling fit for a small, straightforward site that does not need Gatsby's data structure or rendering flexibility.

Pros and cons

Pros

• Static, deferred, and server-side rendering provide meaningful flexibility for different site delivery needs.
• A GraphQL data layer and broad plugin and integration ecosystem help teams combine content sources and extend a React site.
• The free hosted plan includes unlimited deploy previews and custom domains with SSL, alongside a free open-source framework.
• Team permissions, multi-team membership, and one-time-password authentication support collaborative account management.

Cons

• The Free plan's 300 monthly credits can be exhausted, at which point projects pause until the next billing cycle.
• Free serverless functions have limits of 100,000 monthly invocations, 128MB memory, and a 15-second timeout.
• Gatsby 5 requires both Node 18 and React 18, a meaningful prerequisite for teams on older stacks.
• Gatsby does not offer a formal bug bounty or monetary rewards for vulnerability reports.

Alternatives

For a wider comparison, see Static site generators. Choose Hugo if you want a free, open-source option available on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Cecil is free software distributed under the EUPL-1.2 license and supports Linux, macOS, and Windows. Pick Eleventy for a free, MIT-licensed, self-hosted static-site generator. Nanoc is a free-of-charge passion project for users who prefer that approach. Metalsmith is free software under MIT/(L)GPL licenses and supports API, Linux, macOS, and Windows. Lume is a free static-site generator for Deno, available for self-hosted and web use. Bridgetown is another free option, with API, Linux, macOS, self-hosted, and Windows platforms. Publii is free and supports Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Verdict

Choose Gatsby if your React team needs several rendering approaches and a unified GraphQL layer for a site connected to multiple content sources. Its integrations and built-in delivery capabilities make it a substantial framework, while the free plan provides a low-cost way to start. Look elsewhere if the project is simple enough that this structure is unnecessary, or if a credit-based pause would be unacceptable for its workload.