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Freedom251 › Blog › Great Salt Lake

America’s “Dead Sea” Was Once a Vast Freshwater Lake 10 Times Its Size

By Freedom251 Team · · 2 min read

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Great Salt Lake is the remnant of prehistoric Lake Bonneville, a vast freshwater lake that the U.S. Geological Survey describes as ten times larger than the modern lake. The comparison is approximate: Great Salt Lake’s area changes with water levels, and the USGS does not specify a shared measurement date or whether “size” refers to surface area or volume.

What was Lake Bonneville?

Lake Bonneville was a prehistoric freshwater lake that covered much of western Utah and extended into small parts of present-day Idaho and Nevada. The U.S. Geological Survey says its most recent expansion occurred between 23,000 and 12,000 years ago. Great Salt Lake is the surviving remnant of that ancient lake.

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In a 2021 review, geologists Charles G. Oviatt, Genevieve Atwood, and Robert S. Thompson place the end of Lake Bonneville and the beginning of Great Salt Lake at about 13,000 years before present. That is an approximate geological boundary, not a precisely dated moment. The authors also caution that the evidence does not support a highly precise reconstruction of lake levels after Bonneville.

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How much larger was it?

The USGS describes Lake Bonneville as ten times larger than Great Salt Lake. Treat that as a broad scale comparison rather than a calculation of exact area or volume: the agency’s overview does not state the measurement basis or a common date for the two lakes.

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For context, the same USGS overview reports that Great Salt Lake covered approximately 2,300 square miles at its 1986 high-water level. That is a historical measurement for that year, not a current area, and it should not be multiplied to produce an exact figure for Lake Bonneville.

Why is the modern lake salty?

Great Salt Lake is in a closed basin, meaning it has no outlet to the sea. Water can leave the lake through evaporation, but dissolved salts remain behind. Over time, that process helps explain why the remnant lake is saline even though Lake Bonneville was freshwater.

The USGS-authored review describes Great Salt Lake as “the largest hydrographically closed lake in the Bonneville basin of northwestern Utah.”

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Is Great Salt Lake really “dead”?

No. “America’s Dead Sea” is a historical nickname, not a literal description of the lake’s ecosystem or a formal scientific name. A peer-reviewed 2018 review explains that the lake was once thought to be sterile, inspiring the nickname, but its brine supports microscopic life, including bacteria, archaea, algae, and protozoa.

Sources

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Great Salt LakeLake BonnevilleUSGSUtah geology

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