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A Static Scanner for Repo Carbon Signals: What sustainability-score Can and Cannot Tell You

By Freedom251 Team · · 4 min read

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sustainability-score is an open-source command-line tool that reads a code repository and flags engineering patterns that may affect energy, cloud-resource, and carbon efficiency. Its score is a directional triage signal built from repository files. It is not a measurement of runtime energy, and it is not a Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) score. Read the result as a list of places to investigate, not as a carbon footprint.

The question behind the tool is a fair one: are a codebase’s engineering choices pushing carbon up or down? A static scan can help you ask that question sharper. It cannot answer it alone.

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What the scanner checks

The project, described by its author Sodek Timileyin in 2026, organizes its checks into five pillars. Each pillar carries a fixed weight in the overall score:

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Pillar Weight
Code / Algorithm Efficiency 30%
Cloud Infrastructure Choices 25%
Containerization 15%
CI/CD Practices 15%
SRE / Operations 15%

The weights are the author’s design choices. They describe how the tool combines its pillars; they are not measured shares of real-world emissions.

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How the score is calculated

Each pillar starts at 100 points. Every finding then subtracts points according to its severity:

  • High: minus 20 points
  • Medium: minus 10 points
  • Low: minus 4 points

As an illustration of the arithmetic, a pillar with one High finding and two Medium findings would score 100 − 20 − 10 − 10 = 60. The deduction values are reported design details from the author. The sources checked for this article include no published validation study showing that these deductions track actual energy use or emissions, and none that converts a score into emissions saved.

Data-quality tiers: how far a finding can claim to go

According to the author, every finding receives a data-quality tier. The tiers describe what evidence sits behind a claim:

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Tier Evidence behind the finding Claim the author permits
Tier 1 Static analysis only Directional
Tier 2 Adds declared infrastructure Not stated by the author
Tier 3 Adds operational telemetry Not stated by the author
Tier 4 Direct measurement Full SCI computable

The author states that a static scan never claims above Tier 1. In the author’s words: “A static scan never claims above Tier 1. The report says plainly it is directional, not a measurement.” That limit is the most important thing to keep in mind when reading any report from this tool.

What an SCI score requires

The Green Software Foundation’s Software Carbon Intensity specification defines SCI as a rate: the total carbon caused by a software system, divided by a chosen functional unit. The total combines operational emissions, which come from energy use and the carbon intensity of the region where the software runs, with embodied emissions, which allocate hardware manufacturing emissions to the software’s use.

The specification’s reporting procedure has five steps:

  1. Define the software boundary.
  2. Choose a functional unit that reflects how the application scales, such as a request or a user action.
  3. Choose a quantification method for each component, using real-world telemetry or a model.
  4. Quantify each component.
  5. Report the score together with its boundary and methodology.

The specification accepts both measurements and models, and it encourages granular real-world data where it is available.

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Why a repository scan cannot produce an SCI score

A scan reads source files, manifests, and pipeline definitions. Several inputs an SCI calculation needs are not in those files:

  • Energy consumed per request or per functional unit, which depends on runtime behavior.
  • The carbon intensity of the grid where the software actually runs.
  • Embodied emissions for the hardware allocated to the workload.
  • A defined whole-system boundary that includes everything the software depends on.

This limit follows from the tool’s own tiers and from the SCI specification’s measurement requirements. It is an inference, not a claim the author makes about every possible static tool.

Where code changes fit

The specification places software sustainability actions into three groups: energy efficiency, hardware efficiency, and carbon awareness. Its examples span code efficiency, model and database optimization, carbon-aware build scheduling, and infrastructure choices. Its discussion of software practitioners makes the link to code plain: “For a software programmer, this implies writing energy efficient code.”

That makes a useful comparison framework for any tool in this space. Ask whether it addresses source patterns, deployment and infrastructure, runtime measurement, or none of these, and whether it states its assumptions. Rank tools by that breakdown, not by which number looks bigger.

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Running the scanner

  1. Clone the repository you want to check, then install the project from its root with pip install -e .
  2. Run the scan against your code with sustainability-score /path/to/repo --md report.md, replacing the path with your repository’s location.
  3. Open report.md and read the pillar scores and findings. Check each finding’s tier before deciding how much weight to give it.
  4. Compare your output with the sample report included in the project to confirm you are reading the layout correctly.
  5. Check the project’s README for current options before scripting the command, since the instructions may change.

The project is described as MIT licensed and open source.

Limits and planned features

The project is described as a v0.1-style release. The author lists planned work: broader language checks, a JSON schema, a GitHub Action, and a proposal to the Green Software Foundation. These are stated plans, not confirmed features. Verify current behavior in the repository before relying on any of them.

No independently reported validation benchmark, measured emissions result, or correlation between this score and runtime carbon was found in the sources checked for this article. Treat the score as a prompt for investigation, and treat any claim about carbon reduction as something that needs its own measurement.

Pairing a scan with measurement

The scanner needs no special hardware. It runs on a repository checkout. Measurement is a separate step. A practical sequence is to use the scan to shortlist patterns worth examining, measure the paths that matter with runtime telemetry or direct measurement where you can, and document any model you use so others can check it. Measurement tools and code-level efficiency analyzers are complementary categories, and a repository review usually benefits from both.

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Developer Toolsgreen softwareSoftware Carbon IntensityStatic analysisSustainability

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