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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteFor ongoing temporary-file policy on a systemd-based Linux host, systemd-tmpfiles is usually the better fit: it can create, remove, and clean files and directories from shared configuration. Keep tmpwatch when an existing script or distribution workflow depends on its command-line behavior. The tools do not necessarily treat a file as “old” in the same way, so copying an age threshold from one to the other can change what gets deleted.
How the tools differ
Both tools can remove files based on age, but they serve different roles. systemd-tmpfiles is a configurable file-lifecycle manager; tmpwatch is a narrower age-based cleanup command.
| Decision point | systemd-tmpfiles | tmpwatch |
|---|---|---|
| Main role | Declarative management of file and directory creation, removal, and age-based cleanup. systemd tmpfiles.d documentation | Removal of entries older than a specified interval. tmpwatch manual |
| Configuration and invocation | Reads tmpfiles.d rules and is integrated with system and user systemd services. systemd-tmpfiles manual |
Typically invoked with command-line options by a distribution script or scheduled job. tmpwatch manual |
| Default age basis | For files, atime, mtime, and ctime are normally considered; for directories, atime and mtime are used by default. The age-by field can refine timestamp selection. systemd tmpfiles.d documentation |
Atime by default, with options documented for atime, ctime, and mtime. tmpwatch manual |
| Natural fit | Ongoing policy on a systemd host, particularly when creation and cleanup belong in one configuration scheme. | Existing scripts or workflows that rely on the specific tmpwatch invocation model. |
Why an age threshold may not migrate cleanly
A rule that says “remove entries older than 10 days” is incomplete unless it also specifies which timestamp determines age. tmpwatch defaults to access time (atime). systemd-tmpfiles normally considers atime, modification time (mtime), and status-change time (ctime) for files; directory defaults omit ctime. A file recently read may therefore be treated differently by the two tools even when the stated interval is identical.
When translating a cleanup policy, select the timestamp behavior intentionally using the relevant tmpfiles.d age configuration rather than assuming the tools’ defaults match. Check the installed manual pages on the target host, since the available syntax and local policy are what matter for that machine.
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What systemd documents about /tmp and /var/tmp
The systemd project’s temporary-directories guide describes common defaults of cleaning /tmp after 10 days and /var/tmp after 30 days. These are defaults documented by that guide, not guarantees for every Linux distribution or installation. systemd file-hierarchy guide
Actual behavior depends on installed vendor rules, administrator overrides, package version, and the service or timer that runs cleanup. Inspect the target system rather than inferring its policy from upstream examples.
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How to decide and migrate safely
- Inspect local rules. Review the installed
tmpfiles.dfiles, including vendor-provided rules and local overrides. systemd services execute administrator-controlled configuration, so understand which rules apply before adding or replacing one. systemd-tmpfiles manual - Identify the current policy. Record the paths, entry types, age threshold, timestamp basis, and any exclusions in the existing
tmpwatchinvocation. The age number alone does not capture the policy. - Choose the timestamp deliberately. Match the intended staleness rule in the
tmpfiles.dconfiguration; do not rely on the two tools’ defaults being equivalent. systemd tmpfiles.d documentation tmpwatch manual - Limit the rule’s scope. Target only the intended paths and entry types.
systemd-tmpfiles --cleancleans entries governed by configured ages; it is not a blanket deletion of every file. systemd-tmpfiles manual - Verify the host’s scheduler and version. Check the actual cleanup service or timer and the installed package documentation. The current systemd manual and Debian’s systemd 262 packaged documentation describe their documented behavior, but do not establish another distribution’s local defaults. Debian systemd 262 systemd-tmpfiles manual systemd cleanup service documentation systemd cleanup timer documentation
- Validate before relying on deletion. Test the resulting configuration in a safe environment and review which candidates it would affect before enabling it on important data.
Temporary-file cleanup is not an application safeguard
Applications should not rely on periodic cleanup as their only way to manage temporary data or assume that a temporary file will remain available indefinitely. The systemd project notes that cleanup may be unavailable in some environments and recommends that applications handle their temporary files appropriately. systemd file-hierarchy guide
Use either utility as an operational policy for stale files, not as a promise that active work will be preserved until an application finishes. Applications that need a file for a specific duration must manage that lifecycle themselves.
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