New Angular CLI projects use Vitest by default: run ng test to start. Existing Karma projects remain supported, but moving them to Vitest is documented as experimental. For most unit tests, Angular’s Node.js and DOM-emulation setup is the faster starting point; use browser mode when the behavior depends on a real browser. Angular’s testing overview explains the current options.
Run Angular tests with the default setup
The Angular CLI includes Vitest and jsdom for new CLI projects. Vitest runs in Node.js, while jsdom supplies a browser-like DOM without launching a browser. Angular also documents happy-dom as an alternative DOM emulator.
-
Open a terminal at the Angular workspace root, where
angular.jsonis located. -
Run
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Read the test results in the terminal. If you need to debug browser-dependent behavior, configure browser mode as described below.
The exact test builder and options depend on the project configuration. Angular’s CLI manages most Vitest setup; the test target in angular.json can configure include and exclude patterns, setup files, provider files, coverage, browser selection, and a custom runner configuration. Custom runner configuration is an advanced route: Angular does not support the contents of custom configuration files or third-party plugins.
Run tests in CI
When the environment sets CI=true, Angular switches to non-interactive, single-run behavior. If your CI system does not set that variable, use ng test --no-watch --no-progress to avoid watch mode and progress output.
Choose between DOM emulation and a real browser
DOM emulation is a good default when tests exercise application logic and ordinary component behavior. It avoids starting a browser, which Angular describes as faster for most unit tests. It may not reproduce every browser API or rendering detail, however.
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|---|---|---|
| Node.js with jsdom or happy-dom | Most unit tests and fast feedback are the priority. | Browser behavior is emulated, not supplied by a real browser. |
| Browser mode | Tests depend on browser-specific APIs or rendering, or you need to debug in a browser. | Requires installing and configuring a browser provider and browser; startup adds setup and execution work. |
Angular documents Playwright and WebdriverIO providers. Install the provider you choose and configure the test target’s browsers option. In CI, browser mode uses headless operation automatically when the CI environment variable is set; you can also select a browser name that explicitly chooses headless mode. Check the current provider documentation for supported browsers and setup details before relying on a particular browser or version.
Test services with TestBed
A service test can use TestBed to create an isolated Angular testing environment, configure dependency injection, and retrieve the service under test. Unless you override a dependency, the test uses the real dependency registered in the test configuration. That can be useful for checking the actual application code path, but replace dependencies when you need a focused unit test or want to avoid external effects.
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import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { MyService } from './my.service';
describe('MyService', () => {
let service: MyService;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
service = TestBed.inject(MyService);
});
it('creates the service', () => {
expect(service).toBeTruthy();
});
});Replace MyService with the service and imports in your project. Add providers or test doubles to configureTestingModule when the service needs dependencies that you want to control.
Test components through their rendered behavior
A component combines a TypeScript class and an HTML template. Configure the component in TestBed, create a fixture, trigger change detection, and inspect the rendered result. A fixture gives access to the component instance and its rendered view; Angular’s DebugElement provides a platform-aware way to query and interact with that view.
import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { MyComponent } from './my.component';
describe('MyComponent', () => {
beforeEach(async () => {
await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [MyComponent],
}).compileComponents();
});
it('renders the component', () => {
const fixture = TestBed.createComponent(MyComponent);
fixture.detectChanges();
expect(fixture.componentInstance).toBeTruthy();
expect(fixture.debugElement).toBeTruthy();
});
});This is a starting pattern, not a complete assertion for every component. Add expectations for the user-visible behavior the test is intended to protect, such as text, state changes, or event handling. Accessing nativeElement assumes the active DOM implementation exposes the APIs your test uses. Prefer Angular’s abstractions where they provide the behavior you need, especially if tests should work across environments.
Test HTTP requests without calling the backend
Angular’s @angular/common/http/testing package lets tests capture outgoing requests, assert their properties, and flush controlled responses. The test backend replaces real network access; tests must flush expected requests and verify that no unexpected requests remain.
import { provideHttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import {
HttpTestingController,
provideHttpClientTesting,
} from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { MyService } from './my.service';
describe('MyService HTTP behavior', () => {
let service: MyService;
let httpTesting: HttpTestingController;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
providers: [
provideHttpClient(),
provideHttpClientTesting(),
MyService,
],
});
service = TestBed.inject(MyService);
httpTesting = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
});
afterEach(() => {
httpTesting.verify();
});
it('requests data and handles the response', () => {
service.getData().subscribe((data) => {
expect(data).toEqual({ value: 'example' });
});
const request = httpTesting.expectOne('/api/data');
expect(request.request.method).toBe('GET');
request.flush({ value: 'example' });
});
});Adapt the service method, expected URL, and response shape to your application. If a test does not make the request it expects, it cannot flush that request; if it makes an unanticipated request, the verification step helps expose it.
Measure coverage without mistaking it for quality
For Vitest coverage, install @vitest/coverage-v8 using the package manager used by your project, then run ng test --coverage. Angular documents the resulting report in the coverage/ directory. You can also enable coverage in the test target configuration.
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Coverage shows which code was exercised; a high percentage does not establish that tests check meaningful behavior. Use the report to find untested areas, then decide whether additional assertions would protect important outcomes.
Keep or migrate an existing Karma project?
Karma remains supported, and Angular maintains a guide for Karma with Jasmine. A project does not need to migrate just because new CLI projects now use Vitest. Consider migration when the benefits justify reviewing the test builder, project-specific settings, and test patterns.
Angular explicitly describes migration of an existing project to Vitest as experimental. The migration guide requires the application build system. It adds Vitest and a DOM emulator, changes the test builder to @angular/build:unit-test, and may require moving test-specific build settings because the new builder does not accept all old Karma builder options in the same place.
Migration checks
-
Audit custom
karma.conf.jssettings before removing or replacing the file.Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy. -
Review test-specific build options and move settings as required by the new builder.
-
The refactoring schematic can transform common Jasmine patterns, but it does not install dependencies, change the builder, move build options, remove old files, or cover complex and nested spy scenarios.
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Review schematic changes and run the full suite after migration; do not assume transformed tests are correct without checking their behavior.
-
Existing Zone-based helpers can be patched, but Angular recommends planning a transition toward native async code and Vitest fake timers.
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For project-specific steps, follow Angular’s Vitest migration guide alongside its testing overview. Because the migration is experimental, validate the instructions against the Angular documentation and the builder configuration used by your project.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot common test failures
-
ng testis not recognized: Run it from the workspace root and confirm the Angular CLI is available to the project. Check that the workspace defines a test target inangular.json. -
Tests keep running or CI hangs: Interactive mode watches files. Set
CI=true, or useng test --no-watch --no-progresswhere CI does not provide that variable. -
A DOM or browser API is missing: The default environment emulates the DOM, so it may not provide the browser-specific behavior your test needs. Use a supported browser provider for tests that require browser APIs or rendering fidelity.
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An HTTP test waits indefinitely or fails verification: Check that the test made the expected request, flush its response, and verify there are no outstanding requests. The test backend does not call the real service endpoint.
-
Migration produces builder or configuration errors: Confirm the project uses the application build system, inspect the new unit-test builder options, and move or remove settings that belonged only to the Karma builder. Review custom Karma configuration before cleanup.
-
A migrated spy or asynchronous test behaves differently: The schematic does not cover every complex spy pattern. Inspect transformed tests, simplify nested spy setups where possible, and plan replacement of Zone-based helpers with native async patterns or Vitest fake timers.
-
Coverage does not run: Confirm
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