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What the two numbers measure
StarkMan’s DEV Community article, published September 29, 2026, reports 917,169 ZoomEye matches for the query port="623" and 109,327 matches for app="IPMI". The article says both searches ran on September 25, 2026, with sub_type=all and a page size of 1. Those settings are the context that makes the figures meaningful, so any citation should carry them with the numbers.
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The two queries ask different questions. The port query asks which hosts respond on a port associated with IPMI. The application query asks which hosts a scanner has classified as running IPMI. The first is broader by design, and the second depends on how reliably the fingerprint identifies the service.
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The port view: UDP 623
Intel’s IPMI v2.0 specification (Rev. 1.1, Errata 6) identifies UDP port 623 as the primary RMCP port and states that required discovery messages on that port are sent in the clear. That gives a scanner a cheap signal: any host answering on the port is a candidate. The signal is not an identity. A port response can come from an IPMI BMC, from a service that happens to use the same port, or from a virtual responder that mimics the protocol. A port hit alone does not show that a device is a BMC, that it speaks IPMI correctly, or that it permits unauthenticated sessions.
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The application view: app="IPMI"
An application query makes a narrower claim. It asserts that the response matches a known IPMI pattern. The article reads the lower count as a sign that the fingerprint is stricter than a port test, so fewer hosts pass it. That reading is plausible, but the article does not validate it. It reports no false-positive rate, no false-negative rate, and no sample of hosts checked by hand. The gap between the two figures therefore suggests a difference in method, not a measured accuracy for either one.
Why the gap is plausible, and why it is not proof
Three explanations fit the difference between 917,169 and 109,327, and the source supports none of them with data:
- Unrelated responders on port 623. A host that answers on UDP 623 for another reason would count toward the port total but not the application total.
- Virtual or emulated responders. Some virtual environments and management emulators may answer the port without matching the full fingerprint, or may match it in ways that a fingerprint treats differently.
- Fingerprint misses. Real IPMI implementations that do not answer in the expected form would be missed by an application query even though they sit on the port.
Each explanation predicts the same direction of difference, which is why the gap cannot tell you which one dominates. Only a validation sample, checked against authorized inventory, could settle the split. Neither the article nor the protocol documentation provides one.
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How to cite the figures
Attribute both numbers to the article and date them. Use wording such as “StarkMan reported, from ZoomEye queries run on September 25, 2026, 917,169 matches for port="623" and 109,327 for app="IPMI".” Do not present them as a current global total, a count of vulnerable systems, or a count of open unauthenticated consoles. A scan index also changes over time, so the same query run on a different day can return different results.
| Question | Port query: port="623" |
Application query: app="IPMI" |
|---|---|---|
| What the query matches | A response on UDP 623 | A response the scanner classifies as IPMI |
| Identity claim | None beyond a port response | A fingerprint match to IPMI |
| Reported count | 917,169 (StarkMan, September 25, 2026 query) | 109,327 (StarkMan, September 25, 2026 query) |
| Query settings reported | sub_type=all, page size 1 |
sub_type=all, page size 1 |
| False-positive rate | Not stated | Not stated |
| False-negative rate | Not stated | Not stated |
| Whether authentication was tested | Not stated | Not stated |
| Reproducible export or method | Not stated | Not stated |
What the counts can and cannot tell an operator
A public scan result is a lead for investigation. It tells an organization where to look, not what it has found. For hosts you own, the useful question is whether each responder is an authorized BMC that you can account for in your asset inventory, and whether its management traffic is reachable from networks it should not be reachable from.
US-CERT advisory TA13-207A, dated 2013 and reproduced in a university security mailing list in July 2013, recommends restricting IPMI traffic, usually UDP 623, to a trusted internal management VLAN, scanning for IPMI outside trusted networks, and monitoring the trusted network for abnormal activity. Progress Software’s BMC Best Practices guidance for its hardware recommends limiting IPMI to trusted internal networks and using strong, unique BMC passwords. Both are general guidance; the exact configuration depends on the hardware vendor and model, and the current vendor documentation should be checked before changes are made.
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If the interface is yours: a verification sequence
- Build a list of every BMC address you own from your asset inventory, not from a scan result.
- Compare that list with any external or cross-network responders on UDP 623 that a scan reports. Mark any responder that is not on your list for investigation.
- For each authorized BMC, confirm the service identity through the vendor’s own tools or documentation before assuming it is IPMI.
- Test from outside the management network whether UDP 623 is reachable. If it is, restrict it to the trusted management VLAN, using the vendor’s documented procedure.
- Confirm that every BMC account uses a strong, unique password and that default credentials are removed.
- Monitor the trusted management network for unusual IPMI traffic, and keep the results of this check with the inventory record.
If a responder cannot be matched to an authorized device, treat it as an incident to be investigated, not as a confirmed exposure.
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Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Frequently Asked Questions
Does a port 623 match mean a server is vulnerable?
No. A port 623 match shows that a host answered on UDP 623, the port Intel’s IPMI v2.0 specification assigns to the primary RMCP channel. It does not confirm that the responder is a BMC, that it speaks IPMI correctly, or that it accepts unauthenticated sessions. Those points require checks against your own inventory and authenticated tests.
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Which of the two ZoomEye queries is more reliable?
Neither has a published accuracy figure. The port query is broader and catches any responder on UDP 623. The application query is narrower because it depends on a fingerprint, but the source reports no false-positive or false-negative rate for it, so reliability cannot be ranked from the available evidence.
Can I use these counts in a report as the current number of exposed BMCs?
Only with attribution and a date. The counts are the figures StarkMan reported from ZoomEye queries run on September 25, 2026. They are not an independently validated global total, and they describe a search-index result on that date rather than a current population of exposed devices.
The Bottom Line
The two counts answer different questions. The port figure measures responders on UDP 623, and the application figure measures hosts a scanner has fingerprinted as IPMI. Neither is a verified count of BMCs or of unauthenticated consoles, so cite them with the source, the date, and the query settings, and confirm exposure on hosts you own.
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