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Freedom251 › Blog › cybersecurity

5 VPN Trade-Offs: What You Gain and What You Give Up

By Freedom251 Team · · 3 min read

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A VPN can hide your internet traffic from some observers, but it does not make you anonymous or eliminate risk. It shifts trust to the VPN provider, and the trade-offs depend on the app, your connection, and whether you are using a personal service or an employer’s remote-access network.

1. You have to trust the VPN provider instead of simply trusting your network

A personal VPN routes your internet traffic through servers operated by its provider. That changes which parties may see or handle aspects of your traffic; it does not make trust disappear. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) explains that a VPN app can have access to internet traffic, while the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) says personal VPNs shift residual risks from an internet service provider to the VPN provider and may increase the attack surface. FTC guidance and CISA’s 2024 mobile guidance describe this shift.

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That means the provider’s data practices and security matter. A privacy promise in marketing is not, by itself, proof of what the provider collects, retains, or shares. Read the privacy policy and terms, and look for clear explanations of data handling and credible evidence supporting the provider’s security claims.

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2. VPN apps vary in privacy and security quality

A VPN app’s name or connection status does not establish that it encrypts all relevant traffic or handles your data carefully. In a 2018 account, the FTC reported that researchers who studied almost 300 VPN apps found potential privacy and security risks in some. The examples included apps without encryption, apps requesting sensitive permissions, and apps sharing data with third parties. This is a dated finding about some of the apps studied—not a current measurement of every VPN app or the whole market. The FTC’s account explains the concerns.

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Before installing an app, check what permissions it requests and whether they make sense for its stated function. Look for documentation of encryption and all-traffic coverage, then review the privacy policy for what usage or connection data is collected, kept, or shared. Treat provider claims as claims unless there is credible evidence to support them.

3. A VPN does not make you anonymous

A VPN may change the network address a website sees, but it cannot erase information you provide directly. Sign in with an account or submit your email address, for example, and the site can associate your activity with that identity. Websites may also detect VPN use. As the FTC puts it, “A VPN app generally isn’t going to make you entirely anonymous.” FTC guidance explains why a VPN is not a guarantee against identification or tracking.

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4. Connection performance can vary

Using a VPN can affect the route your traffic takes, so your experience may depend on the VPN service, server route, device, and underlying connection. There is no single speed or latency penalty that applies to all VPN use. If performance matters for a particular task, compare the connection with the VPN off and on under similar conditions; a result from one route or moment may not predict another.

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5. A VPN can add friction without adding much protection for every task

A VPN is not a requirement for every public Wi-Fi session. The FTC says most websites now use encryption and that connecting through public Wi-Fi is usually safe; it recommends checking for HTTPS or a lock symbol in the browser. For ordinary browsing on an encrypted website, a VPN may add less protection than older public-hotspot advice suggests. It may still suit a specific privacy need, but it does not replace checking that a site connection is encrypted. FTC public Wi-Fi guidance provides more detail.

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When the VPN is for work, the risks are different

Enterprise remote-access VPNs are not the same as consumer VPN apps: they connect users to organizational systems and introduce operational and network-design considerations. CISA and partner agencies identify vulnerabilities inherent to network design, implementation complexity, misconfiguration, and vulnerabilities in VPN solutions as potential limitations. They also discuss risks involving third-party devices. These are organizational security concerns, not proof that every personal VPN app has the same weaknesses. CISA and partners’ 2024 guide discusses VPNs alongside Zero Trust, Secure Service Edge (SSE), and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) approaches; it does not establish one universally best replacement.

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Malicious VPN apps are a documented risk, not a prevalence estimate

On May 29, 2024, the Internet Crime Complaint Center described illegitimate VPN apps bundled with pirated games or software that distributed proxy backdoors associated with the 911 S5 botnet. This is a specific documented case, not evidence that ordinary VPN apps are generally malicious. The IC3 notice describes the case.

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