When a quota circuit closes, do not restart all 15 launchd jobs at once. Keep their pending work in an application-managed queue, then let a coordinator admit only eligible tasks under one shared rate budget. Choose what goes first from each task’s deadline, dependencies, request cost, duplicate-side-effect risk and fairness needs—not from launchd’s schedule. The title’s 15 jobs are a scenario; without their configuration and the API’s quota rules, there is no evidence-based fixed order.
What the circuit closing does—and does not—mean
A circuit breaker is application logic: it decides whether requests may be attempted. Its closing means the application’s condition for allowing attempts has been met; it does not by itself prove that the upstream service’s quota has reset. Use the service’s documented quota policy and any response headers to determine when work can safely resume.
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Keep scheduling, queueing and admission as separate responsibilities. launchd can start a coordinator according to job configuration and conditions. Your application must retain pending work, decide which items are eligible, apply the shared quota limit and prevent duplicate execution. Apple’s archived guide recommends designing daemons to be launched on demand, but that is a launch design recommendation—not a retry or quota policy: Creating Launch Daemons and Agents.
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What launchd does with scheduled jobs
The schedule type matters. The current upstream launchd.plist reference says a StartInterval event is missed if its firing time occurs while the computer is asleep or while the job is already running. It does not promise that every missed interval is queued for later execution. StartCalendarInterval has different documented behavior: multiple events missed during sleep may be coalesced into one launch when the Mac wakes. Check the manual and test behavior on the macOS release you deploy to; the upstream manual is not a guarantee that every release behaves identically: Apple’s launchd.plist reference.
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KeepAlive controls whether launchd keeps a job running or lets conditions and demand determine when it is invoked. It does not know whether an API quota has reset or which queued requests are safe to replay. The same reference describes throttling when a job exits quickly and repeatedly under KeepAlive; that behavior is not a substitute for application-level backoff or a durable queue.
What to do when the API returns 429 or 503
| Response | Meaning | How to use Retry-After |
|---|---|---|
429 Too Many Requests |
The server is rate-limiting requests. The limit may apply to a client or another scope defined by the service. | The response may include Retry-After. If present, record it and avoid retrying before the indicated delay or date. The header accepts either delay-seconds or an HTTP date. MDN: 429 Too Many Requests; MDN: Retry-After. |
503 Service Unavailable |
The server is temporarily not ready, often because of maintenance or overload; this is different from a rate-limit response. | When possible, the server should provide an estimated recovery time with Retry-After. Treat that as the server’s guidance for when to try again, rather than as proof that every quota has reset. MDN: 503 Service Unavailable. |
If no Retry-After is supplied, use the upstream service’s documented limit and your application’s retry policy to set the next eligible time. Do not invent a reset time from the fact that the circuit closed.
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Use a durable queue and explicit work states
Model each unit of work separately from the launchd event that happens to wake the coordinator. Persist enough state to recover after sleep, reboot or process exit; the queue itself, not an interval firing, is the record of work still owed.
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| State | Meaning and transition |
|---|---|
| Scheduled | A launchd configuration may trigger the coordinator; this is not yet an API request or a guarantee that one will run at the scheduled instant. |
| Pending | Work has been recorded but is not currently allowed to run, for example because the circuit is open or its retry time has not arrived. |
| Eligible | The task’s timing and prerequisites allow an attempt, subject to the shared quota budget and concurrency cap. |
| Running | The coordinator has claimed the task. Record a claim or lease so another process does not execute the same item concurrently. |
| Succeeded | The outcome has been recorded; do not replay it as pending work. |
| Failed or deferred | Record the outcome and next action. A transient failure may become eligible later; a permanent failure needs handling rather than endless retries. |
On a 429, preserve the affected work and its next eligible time. When the circuit closes, have one coordinator select a bounded batch from the eligible queue. Charge every request against the same quota budget, cap concurrent requests, and leave unselected tasks pending. This avoids turning recovery into a burst and prevents separate launchd jobs from each assuming they have the entire quota.
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How to choose the next task
Make the ordering policy explicit and based on metadata the application actually has. These are design criteria, not facts supplied by launchd or HTTP:
- Deadline and urgency: prioritize work with a real business deadline, not simply the task that has waited longest.
- Dependencies: do not run a task before its required inputs or prerequisite jobs have completed.
- Request cost: account for the API’s actual quota accounting; one task may consume more units or calls than another.
- Idempotency and side effects: establish whether repeating a request is safe. For non-idempotent work, use an API-supported idempotency mechanism where available or reconcile the prior outcome before retrying.
- Fairness: prevent a high-volume job class from starving other classes if they share the same service limit.
- Burst and concurrency limits: release work gradually within the shared budget instead of starting every overdue task together.
If two jobs compete, compare their documented priority, due time, dependencies, quota cost and replay safety. The right policy could favor an imminent deadline, a prerequisite needed by many downstream tasks, or fairness across job classes; the available facts do not determine which. Record the reason for deferral so operators can distinguish intentional queueing from a stuck worker.
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Operational checks before resuming a backlog
- Confirm the circuit’s closing condition and the service’s quota-reset semantics. Do not equate the local breaker state with upstream availability.
- Inspect persisted pending work and its retry times, including any recorded
Retry-Aftervalue. - Verify prerequisites and replay safety before marking a task eligible, especially for operations that can create duplicate side effects.
- Run a single coordinator against a shared rate budget and concurrency cap; do not use 15 independent jobs as 15 independent quota allowances.
- Observe response codes and queue outcomes. If rate limiting resumes, defer affected work according to the response and policy rather than repeatedly reopening a synchronized burst.
Test sleep, wake, reboot and process-exit cases on the target macOS version. Apple’s schedule documentation explains launch triggers, but an application queue and its recovery behavior remain your responsibility.
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