Test the capability in the environment that will run your code. For a runtime API, check the relevant property or method on its owning object; for behavior-sensitive features, test the behavior you need. Use the result to select a fallback. CSS has separate feature queries, while JavaScript syntax must be accepted by the parser before any runtime check can execute.
First identify what “support” means
“Modern JavaScript” is too broad to test. Name the exact syntax feature or API member, then identify the target host: a browser, embedded webview, server-side runtime, or another JavaScript environment. Different hosts and versions can provide different capabilities, so test the feature itself rather than assuming support from a browser brand.
There are two distinct questions:
- Does this API or property exist at runtime? Check the relevant member on the object that owns it.
- Can this runtime parse this syntax? Check compatibility for the exact target and use a build strategy or alternative implementation that produces code the target can parse.
Check an API on its owning object
For an API entry point, test the property on the object where the API is exposed. MDN uses the Geolocation API as an example: the API is accessed through navigator.geolocation.
if ("geolocation" in navigator) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(onPosition);
} else {
showStaticMap();
}
The in operator checks whether the property exists on the object or its prototype chain. You can also check whether a required method is a function when that is the specific capability your code needs. Do not call a potentially missing member before checking it.
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A detected entry point does not establish that an operation will succeed: permission, device availability, user settings, or other runtime conditions may still matter. Handle those outcomes in the API call itself, separately from feature detection.
When presence is not enough, test behavior
A property can exist without providing the behavior your application depends on. MDN’s feature-detection guidance describes checking a property or method, examining a return value, or seeing whether an assigned value is retained. Choose the narrowest safe test that represents the capability you actually need.
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- Check a method’s presence before calling it.
- Where a result matters, verify a meaningful return value or observable outcome.
- Keep behavior tests scoped so they do not trigger unwanted side effects.
- For implementation differences that could affect critical behavior, test in the supported environments rather than treating a presence check as a guarantee.
Some features do not have a reliable simple detection test. In those cases, consider an appropriate polyfill or a different implementation instead of relying on a misleading check.
Do not use runtime checks to protect unsupported syntax
An API check executes after the source has been parsed. If the target runtime cannot parse syntax in the file, execution may fail before it reaches a surrounding if or try block. A member-presence test therefore cannot make unsupported grammar safe in that same source file.
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For syntax-dependent code, look up the exact feature and target runtime versions in compatibility data, then configure your build to transform syntax as needed or provide an alternative source path. Test the resulting code in the environments you intend to support.
Use CSS feature queries for CSS
CSS support is separate from JavaScript grammar and general API detection. If the decision is only about styling, MDN recommends CSS @supports rather than moving the decision into JavaScript.
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.layout {
display: grid;
}
@supports (grid-template-columns: subgrid) {
.layout {
grid-template-columns: subgrid;
}
}
When JavaScript itself needs to choose behavior based on a CSS declaration, use CSS.supports(). It accepts a property/value pair or a support-condition string and returns a boolean.
if (CSS.supports("grid-template-columns", "subgrid")) {
loadSubgridStyles();
} else {
loadFallbackStyles();
}
These queries answer whether the CSS declaration or condition is supported; they do not test JavaScript syntax or the availability of an unrelated API. See MDN’s reference for the static CSS.supports() method.
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Use compatibility data to plan targets
Runtime feature detection tells you what is available where the code runs. Compatibility references help you decide which runtimes to support and what to build for them. MDN Browser Compatibility Data (BCD) provides machine-readable information about web APIs, JavaScript features, CSS, and browser/runtime support. Its detailed entries are updated as features ship and bugs are found, so check the exact feature and relevant runtime versions when making deployment decisions.
Compatibility tables are reference data, not a guarantee about a customized host, embedded webview, or runtime with unusual feature flags. For critical behavior, combine compatibility planning with tests in the actual supported environments.
Why browser-name checks are a poor substitute
A browser’s identity does not establish that a particular capability exists. An older version may lack it, another browser may support it, and user-agent strings can identify multiple or pretend browsers. A branch based on identity can therefore take the wrong path even when the feature itself is available—or assume support when it is not.
Use browser-specific detection only for an exceptional browser-specific workaround. For ordinary capability decisions, test the feature and keep a useful fallback. MDN explains the limitations of browser detection compared with feature detection.
Quick Recap
Choose the right check
| Approach | Best for | What it establishes | Main caution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Object or member check | Runtime APIs and properties | The relevant entry point exists on the object | Presence may not establish behavior, permission, or state. |
| Focused behavior test | Features where implementation behavior matters | The tested behavior works for that specific test | Keep it safe and narrow; it may not cover every edge case. |
CSS.supports() or @supports |
CSS declarations or values | The CSS feature query is accepted | It does not test JavaScript grammar or a general API. |
| MDN BCD or compatibility tables | Planning support for target runtimes | Documented compatibility by feature and runtime | Entries evolve; check versions and treat the data as a reference. |
| Browser or user-agent detection | Exceptional browser-specific workarounds | A clue about browser identity | Identity is not equivalent to capability and can select the wrong branch. |
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