Use Playwright for Python to open each URL, capture its viewport or full page, and save each image under a unique filename. The script below processes URLs one at a time and records failures without stopping the whole batch.
Install Playwright and its browser
Install the Python package, then install the browser build Playwright uses. Run these commands in the same Python environment you will use for the script:
python -m pip install playwrightpython -m playwright install chromium
Playwright’s official Python installation guide covers installation details for different environments. Browser binaries are separate from the Python package, so installing the package alone may not be enough to launch Chromium.
Batch screenshot script
This synchronous example uses a fixed viewport, saves one PNG per URL, and writes a CSV manifest with each URL’s output path or error. The filename combines a sequence number and sanitized host, so pages on the same site do not overwrite one another.
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from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import csv
import re
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
urls = [
"https://example.com",
"https://playwright.dev/python/docs/screenshots",
]
out_dir = Path("screenshots")
out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
manifest_path = out_dir / "manifest.csv"
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch()
page = browser.new_page(viewport={"width": 1440, "height": 900}, device_scale_factor=1)
with manifest_path.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as manifest_file:
writer = csv.DictWriter(manifest_file, fieldnames=["url", "file", "status", "error"])
writer.writeheader()
for index, url in enumerate(urls, start=1):
parsed = urlparse(url)
host = re.sub(r"[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+", "_", parsed.netloc) or "page"
output_path = out_dir / f"{index:03d}-{host}.png"
try:
response = page.goto(url, wait_until="load", timeout=30_000)
page.screenshot(path=str(output_path))
writer.writerow({
"url": url,
"file": str(output_path),
"status": response.status if response else "no response object",
"error": "",
})
except Exception as exc:
writer.writerow({"url": url, "file": "", "status": "failed", "error": str(exc)})
browser.close()
The official Playwright screenshot guide documents page screenshots, full-page capture, files and screenshot bytes. The navigation API documents page navigation and its wait options. This sample is illustrative: adjust its timeout, readiness check and viewport to match your target pages.
Choose what to capture
Viewport or full page
By default, page.screenshot() captures the current viewport. To capture the full scrollable document, change the screenshot call to:
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page.screenshot(path=str(output_path), full_page=True)Full-page images can be very tall, so they may take more storage and be less convenient to compare visually. Use a fixed viewport when you need images of consistent dimensions.
A specific element
For a component rather than the entire page, locate it and capture that locator:
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page.locator("main article").screenshot(path=str(output_path))Replace the selector with one that identifies the element on your pages. Locator screenshots scroll the element into view. A scrollable container captures its currently scrolled content, and an element obscured by another element may not appear as expected. See the Locator API reference.
Screenshot bytes instead of a file
Omit path to get image bytes for post-processing or sending to another service:
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image_bytes = page.screenshot(full_page=True)Make captures more consistent
- Keep capture settings fixed. Reuse the same viewport and device scale factor across runs. Playwright’s screenshot options also include animation handling and stylesheet controls; the available options depend on the API method and installed version.
- Choose readiness deliberately.
wait_until="load"waits for the page load event, but some content appears later. Waiting for network idle can be unsuitable on pages with ongoing requests. For a page with a known readiness signal, wait for that condition before capture; for example,page.goto(url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")followed bypage.locator("main article").wait_for(). - Expect changing page content. Personalization, ads, timestamps, consent dialogs, asynchronous widgets and authentication can make captures differ between runs. A screenshot records what the browser rendered in that run; it does not by itself prove that the page or capture conditions were identical.
- Keep a URL-to-file record. The CSV manifest links each input URL to its image or error. If multiple URLs share a host and filenames need to be meaningful without the manifest, incorporate a sanitized path or short hash as well.
Run larger batches
The example is sequential: it reuses one page and waits for each navigation and screenshot before moving to the next URL. This is simple to inspect and keeps browser activity bounded, but total run time grows with the number of pages and their load times. Parallel pages can increase throughput, but consume more browser resources and may trigger site rate limits. There is no universal speed advantage; results depend on the pages, machine and concurrency, so measure with your workload before increasing parallelism.
For repeatable or auditable batches, also retain the input list, manifest, capture settings, relevant browser version and run time. Distinct output paths prevent accidental overwrites when saving multiple screenshots.
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Troubleshooting
- Browser executable is missing: install the browser build with
python -m playwright install chromiumin the environment running the script. - Navigation times out: the site may be slow, blocked, or keep loading resources. Increase the timeout for known slow pages, or use a readiness condition suited to the content instead of waiting for every network request to finish.
- Screenshot misses late content: wait for a specific selector or a suitable short delay after navigation. A successful load event does not guarantee that every asynchronous widget has rendered.
- Two images overwrite each other: ensure every URL maps to a unique output path. Use a sequence number, path fragment or hash in filenames, and keep a manifest for traceability.
- Element screenshot is incomplete: confirm the selector matches the intended element and account for scrollable containers or overlays covering it.
- Output differs between runs: check for consent state, login state, personalization, animation, ads and changing page data. Fix viewport and scale; use supported animation or stylesheet controls where they fit your capture method.
- Image format or option is rejected: check the current Playwright Python API and release notes for the installed version. Screenshot capabilities and browser builds can change; consult the Playwright Python release notes.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo takes screenshots through one GET request, returning an image or PDF. For example, this cURL request saves a WebP screenshot of each target URL; replace the URL and repeat the request for each item in your list:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. It accepts cookie and consent banners like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups and chat widgets before capture; those steps can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads and cache hits are not billed, and response headers identify the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server gives AI agents tools to take screenshots, get page information and capture PDFs. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
Sign up free for 1,000 screenshots a month with no card.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I save screenshots as WebP with Playwright?
WebP screenshot support is version-dependent. Check the release notes for the Playwright version installed in your environment before relying on it.
Does a screenshot prove what every visitor saw?
No. It shows the rendered browser state for that run, which can vary with authentication, personalization, consent state and dynamic page content.
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