The Tool Desk
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What an LDAP control does
An LDAP control extends an operation’s arguments or changes its semantics without changing the operation itself. Controls are attached to the operation they affect, such as a search, add, modify, delete, or bind request. A control is not a general session setting: attach it to each operation that needs it.
How do I construct a control with Net::LDAP?
Use the generic control class
Load Net::LDAP::Control and provide the control’s OID. Add value only when that control’s specification requires one, and set critical to the behavior your application needs.
use Net::LDAP::Control;
my $ctrl = Net::LDAP::Control->new(
type => '1.2.3.4',
value => 'control-specific value',
critical => 0,
);The OID and value above are illustrative placeholders, not a usable control definition. For a real control, use the OID, ASN.1 or binary value encoding, and required arguments from that control’s protocol specification. The base class treats the value as optional information; it does not define a universal value format.
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Use a registered, control-specific subclass when available
Net::LDAP control subclasses can register an OID. Registration lets the library dispatch construction and decoded ASN.1 values to the associated class. A named control’s own documentation determines its constructor arguments, encoding, response interpretation, and error handling. The available subclasses and their server compatibility are version- and server-dependent, so check the module installed in your application (the documentation discussed here is for perl-ldap 0.61).
How do I attach one or more controls to a Net::LDAP operation?
Attach a control to a search
Pass the control in the operation’s control option. Net::LDAP accepts a single control or an array of controls; its documentation also permits hash references, and blessed control objects are serialized through to_asn.
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my $mesg = $ldap->search(
base => $base_dn,
scope => 'sub',
filter => '(objectClass=person)',
control => [$ctrl],
);
my @response_controls = $mesg->control();Attach multiple controls
my $mesg = $ldap->modify(
$dn,
add => { description => ['example'] },
control => [ $first_ctrl, $second_ctrl ],
);Choose controls that are valid for the selected LDAP operation. Sending a control intended for another operation can produce an error, be ignored, or otherwise fail to provide the requested semantics, depending on the server and the control.
What does the critical flag do?
critical |
Server behavior when the control is unknown or inappropriate | Use when |
|---|---|---|
1 (true) |
The operation must fail rather than continue without the control. | The control’s effect is required for a correct or safe result. |
0 (false), or omitted |
The server may ignore the control and proceed as though it were absent. Net::LDAP documentation states that false is assumed when the field is absent. | The operation remains acceptable without the control’s effect. |
Criticality is a correctness decision, not merely a formatting option. If silently losing the control could make returned data, authorization behavior, or a write unsafe, request critical processing and handle the resulting LDAP error. If the control is an optional optimization, noncritical processing can allow broader interoperability.
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How do I read controls returned by the server?
Request controls sent by your client and response controls returned by the directory are separate. After the operation completes, call control() on the response message:
my $mesg = $ldap->search(
base => $base_dn,
scope => 'sub',
filter => '(objectClass=person)',
control => [$ctrl],
);
my $code = $mesg->code();
my @controls = $mesg->control();Inspect the LDAP message status as well as the returned controls. The fields and value decoding of a response control depend on that control’s specification; a request being accepted does not by itself explain the response or prove how a server applied the request.
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How can I tell whether the LDAP server supports a control?
Query the Root DSE
LDAP servers advertise recognized control OIDs in the Root DSE’s supportedControl attribute (some documentation uses the capitalization supportedControls). Query the target directory and compare the advertised values with the OID you plan to send.
my $root = $ldap->search(
base => '',
scope => 'base',
filter => '(objectClass=*)',
attrs => [ 'supportedControl' ],
);
my ($entry) = $root->entries;
my @oids = $entry ? $entry->get_value('supportedControl') : ();
my $advertised = grep { $_ eq $ctrl->type } @oids;Root DSE discovery is server-specific capability information. An advertised OID indicates that the server recognizes the control, but you must still verify that it supports the control on your chosen operation and with your value encoding. Conversely, a control class existing in Net::LDAP or a control being standardized does not establish support on every directory.
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- Confirm the protocol semantics and scope: understand exactly what the control changes and which operation permits it.
- Verify the OID: compare the control’s specified OID with the target server’s Root DSE advertisement.
- Encode the value correctly: use the control specification’s ASN.1 or binary encoding; do not assume a text value is valid.
- Set criticality deliberately: require failure when an ignored control would invalidate the result; otherwise decide whether graceful fallback is acceptable.
- Check both status and response controls: inspect the message code and decode any returned control according to its own specification.
- Test the actual server and operation: capability can vary by server product, configuration, version, and operation even when the same OID is advertised.
If a request fails, first check the message’s LDAP error code and whether the control is valid for that operation. If the request succeeds but the expected behavior is absent, verify the OID, value encoding, criticality, server advertisement, and response controls rather than assuming the control was applied.
Quick Recap
Request controls versus response controls
| Kind | Where it is created or read | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Request control | Create a control object and pass it in the operation’s control option. |
Ask the server to alter or extend that operation. |
| Response control | Read from the completed response message with control(). |
Return control-specific results or details from the server. |
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