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Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Climeworks’ Mammoth direct-air-capture plant began initial operations in Iceland on May 8, 2024, and captured its first CO₂. It is designed to capture up to 36,000 metric tons a year once fully operational—but that is a nameplate target, not evidence that it is already removing that amount annually. Climeworks’ plant page describes Mammoth as being in operational ramp-up, and net removal is lower than gross capture.
What Mammoth is—and what “largest” means
Mammoth is a commercial direct-air-capture-and-storage (DAC) facility operated by Swiss company Climeworks at Hellisheiði, Iceland. It is Climeworks’ second commercial DAC plant in the country, following Orca. Climeworks called it the world’s largest direct-air-capture-and-storage plant by designed capacity when it began operating; that is a narrower claim than being the largest carbon-capture facility of any kind. Climeworks’ plant overview describes its location and design, while its May 8, 2024 announcement records the start of operations and first capture.
Unlike equipment that captures CO₂ from a concentrated industrial exhaust, Mammoth takes CO₂ out of ordinary ambient air, where it is highly diluted. After capture, the gas is intended to be stored underground through Carbfix’s mineralization process. Mammoth therefore combines direct air capture with storage rather than simply capturing carbon for temporary use.
How Mammoth captures CO₂ and stores it
From ambient air to concentrated CO₂
- Fans draw ambient air through modular collector containers.
- A solid sorbent in the collectors binds to CO₂ as air passes through.
- The collector is isolated or switched into a regeneration phase. Low-temperature heat releases the captured CO₂ as a concentrated stream.
- The CO₂ is processed and condensed, then dissolved in water for storage.
That cycle takes energy: fans move large volumes of air, and heat is needed to release CO₂ from the sorbent. Mammoth uses renewable electricity and low-temperature heat supplied through the Hellisheiði geothermal-energy system, according to Climeworks’ groundbreaking announcement. This energy context matters, but it does not mean the plant has zero lifecycle emissions.
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What “turning CO₂ into stone” means
Carbfix injects CO₂ dissolved in water into porous basalt underground. The dissolved gas reacts with minerals in the rock and forms solid carbonate minerals. Climeworks describes this as the facility’s storage pathway in its Mammoth construction update. This is intended as geological-timescale storage, rather than keeping CO₂ in a tank or using it in a product that may later release it. The permanence claim describes the process and intended storage outcome; it should not be read as real-time independent tracking of every molecule for thousands of years.
How much CO₂ can Mammoth capture?
Mammoth is designed for up to 36,000 metric tons of CO₂ capture per year when fully operational and running as designed. Its planned configuration has 72 collector containers. When Climeworks announced the first capture on May 8, 2024, only 12 of the 72 planned containers were installed onsite; the company said the rest would be completed during 2024 and operations would ramp up. Those are distinct milestones: starting operations does not mean the full plant is built, and a completed plant does not automatically mean it is operating at its design rate. Climeworks’ launch announcement provides the launch figures.
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Climeworks’ current plant page describes Mammoth as in “operational ramp-up” and says net removal is lower than the amount captured because emissions associated with the removal process are deducted. The gross nameplate capacity is therefore not the same as net CO₂ removal. The cited plant information does not establish a current measured annual or cumulative net-removal output, so it cannot show whether Mammoth has reached, missed, or approached its design capacity.
How Mammoth compares with Orca
Orca is Climeworks’ earlier Icelandic DAC facility. The comparison below is by design capacity and plant configuration, not a comparison of independently measured annual output.
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- Compact Yet Powerful: Covers up to 1,076 ft² while maintaining a compact size of just 6.69 x 6.69 x 9.84 inches. Its small frame makes placement a breeze—whether on your desk or in a corner, it's ready to work hard wherever you need it (Laboratory Tested: Our air purifier efficiently cleans 250 ft² every 15 minutes, covering up to 1,076 ft² per hour)
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| Feature | Orca | Mammoth |
|---|---|---|
| Commercial launch | 2021 | 2024 |
| Designed annual capture | Up to 4,000 metric tons | Up to 36,000 metric tons |
| Collector containers | 8 | 72 planned |
| Storage approach | Carbfix mineralization | Carbfix mineralization |
By designed capacity, Mammoth is about ten times Orca’s size. Climeworks’ Orca plant page gives the earlier plant’s design capacity; the Mammoth page gives its design figures. The multiplier describes planned scale, not proof of ten times the measured real-world removal.
Why build it in Iceland?
Mammoth sits beside the Hellisheiði geothermal complex, providing access to geothermal electricity and heat. Iceland also has basalt formations used by Carbfix for mineral storage. Keeping capture, energy supply, CO₂ processing and storage close together avoids the need to transport captured gas long distances. Climeworks outlines the site and energy context in its groundbreaking announcement.
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Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Is Mammoth really operating?
Yes, in the specific sense that Climeworks announced initial operations and first CO₂ capture on May 8, 2024. That does not mean the facility was fully built or producing at its annual design rate on that date. The launch announcement said 12 of 72 planned collector containers were installed, with the rest still to be completed and operations expected to ramp up.
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Climeworks’ plant page lists Mammoth as in operational ramp-up. A plant can be operating while still commissioning equipment, increasing uptime or working toward its intended rate. The public plant information cited here does not provide an independently verified current output figure, so the launch and capacity figures should not be mistaken for a measured removal record.
What Mammoth can—and cannot—do for the climate
Why it matters
Mammoth is an industrial demonstration of a complete DAC-and-storage chain: modular air collectors, sorbent regeneration, CO₂ processing and geological mineralization. Operating it can help establish how such systems are manufactured, run and maintained at a larger scale than Orca. Its storage route is designed to keep captured carbon out of the atmosphere rather than rely on temporary use.
Why it is not a climate fix on its own
Even at its 36,000-ton annual nameplate capture capacity, Mammoth is tiny beside global CO₂ emissions. Its significance is as a scale-up milestone, not a facility capable by itself of materially changing atmospheric concentrations. DAC also has to move enormous volumes of air to collect comparatively small quantities of a diluted gas, then supply energy for fans, sorbents, heat and compression. This makes it more energy-intensive and costly than separating CO₂ from a concentrated industrial stream.
Climate performance depends on net tonnes removed, not just gross capture: energy, materials, construction, maintenance and storage all matter to lifecycle accounting. Low-carbon geothermal energy strengthens the case, but does not eliminate the need to account for those inputs. A credible assessment also needs clear measurement and verification, sound storage accounting and safeguards against double counting.
Removal complements emissions cuts
Direct air capture removes CO₂ after it has entered the atmosphere. It does not replace avoiding fossil-fuel combustion, improving efficiency, electrifying transport, or decarbonizing power and industry. DAC may have a role for residual emissions that are especially difficult to eliminate and for removing historical atmospheric CO₂. Given its energy and financial demands, reducing emissions first and reserving removal for what remains is the more defensible climate strategy.
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