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IPP object attributes are named, typed values that describe an Internet Printing Protocol object, such as a printer, print job, or subscription. They can report identity, state, capabilities, defaults, or job settings. “IPP Object Attributes” is a category in the protocol model—not the name of one printer setting. The current core model is RFC 8011; RFC 8010 specifies how IPP messages are encoded and transported.
What is an IPP object?
Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) represents printing entities as protocol objects. A client sends operations to a service and reads or changes information associated with the relevant object. The standards-defined object types include:
- Printer: A printer or logical print service, including its state and capabilities.
- Job: One submitted print job, including its identifier, requested options, and processing state.
- Resource: A reusable resource associated with printing.
- Subscription: An event-notification subscription.
- System: A broader IPP system or service.
Printer and Job objects are the ones most clients encounter. A client submits work to a Printer object; the service creates or exposes a Job object that can then be queried or controlled. The objects are logical protocol entities: their attributes need not be permanently stored on a physical printer. See the IANA IPP registry for registered object types and related specifications.
What makes an attribute an object attribute?
An object attribute belongs to an instance of an IPP object. It has a keyword name, a defined syntax, and one or more values. Its object association matters: printer-state describes a Printer object, while job-state describes a particular Job object. Examples include printer-name, printer-state-reasons, document-format-supported, job-id, job-originating-user-name, and job-media-sheets-completed.
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The name alone does not tell you whether a particular implementation supports the attribute, which values it supports, or whether it currently knows a value. Check the applicable specification and the object’s response rather than assuming every printer exposes every attribute or every permitted value.
Object attributes, operation attributes, and job-template attributes
IPP divides attributes by their role. These categories may appear in the same message, but they are not interchangeable.
| Category | What it describes | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Operation attributes | The request or response operation | attributes-charset, attributes-natural-language, printer-uri, job-uri, requesting-user-name |
| Printer object attributes | A print service’s identity, state, capabilities, or defaults | printer-name, printer-state, media-supported |
| Job object attributes | A particular submitted job | job-id, job-state, job-name |
| Job-template attributes | Print-processing choices requested for a job, or characteristics of that job | copies, sides, media |
| Unsupported Attributes group | Requested attributes or values the service cannot support | An attribute or value identified as unsupported in a response |
Job-template attributes are a frequent source of confusion. A client might request sides=two-sided-long-edge for a job. The Printer object advertises capabilities and defaults using related names such as sides-supported and sides-default. The unqualified job-template attribute is associated with the Job; the -supported and -default forms are Printer attributes. The same pattern appears with media and color options. The IANA registry documents registered names and their definitions.
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How attributes appear in IPP messages
IPP messages group attributes using protocol group tags. A typical response can contain operation attributes, an Unsupported Attributes group, and the requested object attributes. For example, Get-Printer-Attributes returns printer information in the Printer object-attributes group; Get-Job-Attributes returns information about a Job object.
At the wire level, each attribute has a name and values encoded with tags that identify their syntax. Values are not all plain strings: IPP includes integers and enums, booleans, text and name values, keywords, URIs, dates and times, resolutions, ranges, and collections. A collection is structured data containing member attributes, not a scalar value to parse as one string. RFC 8010 defines the encoding, value tags, delimiters, and transport details; RFC 8011 defines the model and semantics.
Some attributes can also use out-of-band values such as unknown, unsupported, or not-settable, where applicable. These are protocol-level states, not ordinary text values. In particular, unknown does not mean the attribute itself is unsupported: the object may recognize it but not know its current value.
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Examples of Printer and Job attributes
A Printer response might include attributes like these:
printer-name: Office Printer
printer-state: idle
printer-state-reasons: none
document-format-supported: application/pdf
media-supported: na_letter_8.5x11in, iso_a4_210x297mm
media-default: na_letter_8.5x11in
sides-supported: one-sided, two-sided-long-edge
sides-default: one-sided
This is illustrative, not a list of universal printer values. The exact attributes and values depend on the implementation and should be read from the service’s response.
A Job response might include:
job-id: 42
job-uri: ipp://printer.example/ipp/print/42
job-name: report.pdf
job-state: processing
job-originating-user-name: alex
copies: 2
sides: two-sided-long-edge
The Printer describes the service; the Job describes one submission. Job attributes can include user-related information, so what a client can see may depend on authorization policy.
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Required attributes, optional attributes, and supported values
A conforming object must support the required attributes specified for its object type and applicable specification. Optional attributes can vary across implementations. Even when an attribute is supported, the implementation may support only a subset of the values allowed by the standard. A printer may support sides but advertise only one-sided, for example.
Use capability attributes such as media-supported, sides-supported, and print-color-mode-supported to discover usable values. Corresponding -default attributes report defaults where defined. Do not hard-code optional capabilities based solely on an attribute’s existence in the standard. IPP also permits registered and private extensions subject to its extension rules. The IANA registry is the index for registered attributes, syntaxes, values, and references; a private extension might not be listed there.
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- Obtain the Printer URI through the relevant discovery or configuration process.
- Send
Get-Printer-Attributes, requesting the attributes needed for the task. - Read the returned Printer attributes, especially supported values and defaults.
- Construct a print request using values the service advertises.
- After submission, use the returned job information and operations such as
Get-Job-Attributesto monitor the Job object.
This discovery step lets a client adapt to the actual service rather than assuming that all IPP printers share the same media, color, or finishing options. Operation semantics are in RFC 8011; message encoding is in RFC 8010.
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Handling unsupported attributes and values
Several situations can look similar but have different meanings:
- Attribute not supported: The object does not implement or expose that attribute.
- Value not supported: The object recognizes the attribute but cannot accept the supplied value.
- Attribute absent from a response: It may not have been requested, may be inapplicable, may be omitted by response rules, or may be restricted. Absence alone does not prove lack of support.
- Attribute returned as unknown: The object recognizes or supports the attribute but does not know its current value.
- Information restricted: Security policy may prevent a requester from seeing certain values, especially on Job objects.
Inspect the IPP status and Unsupported Attributes group when diagnosing a request rather than treating every omission or rejection as a missing printer capability. A value may be syntactically valid but unsupported by that particular printer.
The operation attribute ipp-attribute-fidelity is relevant when a client supplies job attributes. It controls how strictly the Printer must honor those supplied attributes when some requested values cannot be achieved. It is not a capability query: clients should still discover supported values first and examine the response and subsequent Job state for the outcome. A request accepted at submission time does not eliminate the possibility of later job warnings or state reasons.
Standards and registries
RFC 8011, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics, is the current core model reference and obsoletes RFC 2911. RFC 8010, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport, covers the message representation and obsoletes RFC 2910 and RFC 3382. The RFC 3196 implementation guide provides additional implementer guidance. Older RFC 2566 and RFC 2911 references are historical, not the current primary specifications. Use the IANA IPP registry to check registered object types, attribute names, syntaxes, values, and specification references.
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