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To test Chromium with Ozone, launch a Chromium test binary with the backend you want to exercise: --ozone-platform=x11, --ozone-platform=wayland, or --ozone-platform=headless. Use headless Ozone for tests that do not need a display; use X11 or Wayland when the test must exercise desktop integration. Display-dependent tests can run with Chromium’s Xvfb helper or a suitable virtual display.
What “Chrome tests Ozone” means
Ozone is not a separate app or hardware product. It is Chromium’s platform abstraction layer beneath Aura, handling low-level input and graphics while allowing Chromium to target platform backends such as X11 and Wayland. See Chromium’s Ozone overview.
In practice, testing Chrome or Chromium with Ozone means running a Chromium binary against a selected Ozone backend and checking the behavior relevant to that backend. Chromium’s browser_tests binary includes test code for Chrome features such as autofill and extensions; it is one possible test target, not the name of the Ozone system itself.
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Choose the backend that matches the test
| Backend | What it exercises | Display needs | Rendering and constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
x11 |
X11 desktop integration | Requires an X11 display, which may be supplied by a virtual display for automated tests. | Use when the test targets the X11 path; the documentation does not prescribe a particular GPU configuration. |
wayland |
Wayland desktop integration and compositor interaction | Requires a Wayland compositor; Chromium documents an example using Weston. | Use when the test targets Wayland behavior rather than only display-independent logic. |
headless |
Tests that do not need to draw to a desktop display | No visible desktop display is needed for suitable tests. | Uses software rendering. With --ozone-dump-file configured, graphical output can be written to PNG files. |
| DRM/GBM | Direct-rendering paths | May require exclusive access to the display server. | Choose only when the direct rendering path itself is under test. |
These backend distinctions and options are described in the Ozone overview. A headless run is not a substitute for an X11 or Wayland integration test: it avoids display dependencies but does not exercise those desktop protocols.
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Run a Chromium binary with an Ozone backend
Build or obtain the Chromium binary or test target you intend to run, then pass the backend flag when launching it. Chromium’s documented examples use these commands:
./out/OzoneLinuxDesktop/chrome --ozone-platform=x11
./out/OzoneLinuxDesktop/chrome --ozone-platform=wayland
content_shell --ozone-platform=headless --ozone-dump-file=/tmp/The first two commands select X11 and Wayland respectively. The third selects headless Ozone and configures PNG output under /tmp/. These are documentation examples; the available binary, build output directory, and runtime environment must match your own Chromium build. See the Ozone command examples.
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Run tests that need a display
Tests that create or interact with windows need a display environment. Chromium’s testing guide describes using testing/xvfb.py or Xvfb to provide a virtual display for display-dependent test suites. For a Wayland test using Weston, the documented pattern is:
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testing/xvfb.py out/Default/components_unittestsFor tests that do not need to draw to the screen, Chromium’s testing guide says the --ozone-platform=headless flag can be added instead. Consult the Chromium testing guide for the helper and test-running context.
Decide whether Xvfb, Weston, or headless is appropriate
- Use headless Ozone when the test does not need to draw to a visible display and you want to avoid a desktop display dependency.
- Use Xvfb or Chromium’s Xvfb helper when a test needs an X display but should run in an automated or otherwise virtual-display environment.
- Use Weston with the documented wrapper pattern when testing the Wayland path and compositor interaction.
- Use a real desktop session when the behavior under test depends on integration that a virtual or headless setup does not represent.
Choose based on what the test must prove: headless checks display-independent behavior, while X11 and Wayland runs exercise their respective desktop paths. The documentation provides invocation patterns, not a universal guarantee that every test suite supports every backend.
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