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To install WordPress Multisite, back up your site, choose a subdomain or subdirectory URL structure, enable the network setup screen in wp-config.php, and follow the installation-specific configuration WordPress generates. The setup is appropriate when one team needs to manage several related sites from one WordPress installation; it is not a way to automatically combine their content.
What WordPress Multisite does
Multisite lets an administrator manage multiple sites through one WordPress installation. The sites share WordPress core files and can share themes and plugins, while each site’s content is stored in separate database tables. The user table is shared, but users need a role assignment on each site where they participate.
Shared installation does not mean the sites’ content is automatically interconnected. Multisite is often a fit for related sites managed by a central team, such as regional sites. It may be a poor fit if the main requirement is for sites to share data or users as closely interconnected parts of one application.
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The normal setup flow offers two URL models. Decide before creating the network: changing the canonical domain or whether to use www later is more complicated, and each model has different DNS, server, and permalink implications.
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| Consideration | Subdomain-style network | Subdirectory-style network |
|---|---|---|
| Example site URL | site1.example.com |
example.com/site1 |
| On-demand site setup | Requires wildcard DNS and server mapping for the domain names. | Does not require wildcard DNS; URL rewriting is still needed. |
| Effect on main-site post URLs | No blog path effect is documented for this model. |
Main-site post URLs gain a blog path segment, such as example.com/blog/YYYY/MM/POSTNAME. WordPress says removing this prefix is not easy and is not recommended. |
| Setup restrictions | Unavailable through the standard flow when the WordPress URL contains a path, is localhost, or is an IP address. A nonstandard port in the WordPress address also prevents network creation. |
The standard setup flow blocks this choice for an existing site older than one month because of possible permalink collisions. |
| Potential issue | Requires suitable DNS and server or hosting-panel configuration. | Site slugs can collide with paths used by main-site content. |
These are URL models, not separate filesystem installations. Each site has its own content tables and upload locations within the shared installation. Assigning separate domains to sites through domain mapping is also possible, but WordPress describes that as advanced administration.
Check hosting and server requirements
- URL rewriting: Multisite needs rewriting support. For common Apache setups, WordPress specifies
mod_rewrite,.htaccesssupport, and suitableAllowOverridesettings. - Nginx: WordPress can generate Apache and IIS rules, but not Nginx configuration. Nginx operators must configure the relevant server rules themselves.
- Wildcard DNS for on-demand subdomains: DNS must point the chosen names to the server, and the server must route them to the WordPress installation. Wildcard DNS is not required just because a network uses subdomains if sites will instead be added manually using other domain configuration methods.
- Installation location: WordPress advises running from the root of the web folder for subdomains to work correctly. Using a non-root directory may require advanced virtual-host and redirect configuration.
- Host access: If you do not control the server, ask your host about rewrite support, domain mapping, and the SSL and domain configuration your intended structure needs.
Install the Multisite network
- Back up and prepare. Back up both the database and files unless this is a fresh, disposable installation. Confirm pretty permalinks work, then deactivate active plugins for network creation; they can be reactivated afterward. If you intend to move WordPress into its own directory, do so before enabling Multisite.
- Enable the setup screen. Edit
wp-config.phpand add this line above the “That’s all, stop editing!” line. If that marker is absent, put it above the firstrequireorincludestatement:define( 'WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true );Save the file and refresh the WordPress dashboard.
- Create the network. Go to Tools > Network Setup. Choose subdomains or subdirectories if both options are available, review the server address, enter a network title and network administrator email, and select Install. WordPress may display a wildcard-subdomain warning; assess it against your chosen setup rather than assuming it applies to every network.
- Apply the generated settings. The setup screen supplies configuration lines for
wp-config.phpand, where applicable, rewrite rules for.htaccess. Back up those files, then follow the screen’s exact instructions, including replacing existing WordPress rewrite rules when directed. Do not substitute a generic configuration snippet: the generated values depend on the installation. Nginx users must apply server-specific rewrite configuration instead. - Sign in again. After saving the configuration, refresh and log in again. For super administrators, the My Sites menu provides access to Network Admin.
Manage sites and permissions after installation
Network Admin is the central place to manage sites, users, themes, plugins, network settings, and updates. Network administration changes what individual site administrators can do: installing themes and plugins for the network and managing certain network-wide functions are privileges of the Network Admin or super administrator, not ordinary site administrators.
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A shared user table does not automatically give a user a role on every site. Assign the appropriate role on each site where that person needs access. Plugin behavior can differ: each plugin determines which settings are network-wide and which are configured separately for individual sites.
Plan a move as a separate migration
Moving a Multisite network to a different host or domain is more complicated than moving a single WordPress site. Treat the move as its own migration project and use the current WordPress migration instructions for the destination server and network configuration.
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