Use Cypress’s selector-based blackout option to cover sensitive elements before a screenshot is written. Apply it to a viewport capture, or set a project-wide default with Cypress.Screenshot.defaults(). Blackout is not a universal redaction system: Cypress documents it for viewport captures and says it is ignored for runner captures, so choose the capture mode deliberately and separately control failure screenshots, Cloud access, CI artifacts and retention.
Black out sensitive elements in a single screenshot
Add stable selectors to the regions that must not appear, then pass those selectors in the screenshot command. Cypress’s documented option is an array of CSS selector strings.
describe('account page', () => {
it('captures a redacted viewport', () => {
cy.visit('/account')
cy.screenshot('account-redacted', {
capture: 'viewport',
blackout: [
'.secret-info',
'[data-hide="true"]',
'[data-testid="customer-email"]'
]
})
})
})In this example, every element matching one of the selectors is blacked out for that capture. Prefer selectors owned by your application, such as data-hide="true" or a dedicated test attribute, instead of styling classes that may change during a redesign.
Make the selectors deterministic
- Put the marker on the smallest complete region that contains the secret, such as an email field, token panel or account card.
- Use a selector that exists when the screenshot is taken. A selector for an element rendered only after an asynchronous request will not protect content that appears later unless you wait for that state.
- Do not assume blackout discovers secrets automatically. Cypress masks only elements matched by the selectors you provide.
Set a project-wide blackout default
When the same regions must be hidden in most tests, configure the default in a Cypress support file. Cypress recommends the support file because it is loaded before test files are evaluated.
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// cypress/support/e2e.js
Cypress.Screenshot.defaults({
capture: 'viewport',
blackout: [
'.secret-info',
'[data-hide="true"]',
'[data-testid="customer-email"]'
]
})All subsequent screenshots inherit these settings unless an individual call supplies different options. Keep the global list short and intentional: a broad selector can hide useful debugging context, while an incomplete list can leave a secret visible.
Override defaults for a specific shot
cy.screenshot('checkout-debug', {
capture: 'viewport',
blackout: [
'[data-hide="true"]',
'[data-testid="card-number"]',
'[data-testid="billing-address"]'
]
})Use a per-shot list when a page has additional sensitive content or when a diagnostic capture needs a narrower scope. Verify the resulting image rather than assuming the configuration matched.
Understand Cypress capture modes before masking
| Capture value | What it includes | Blackout guidance |
|---|---|---|
viewport |
The application in the current browser viewport. | Cypress documents selector blackout for this mode. |
fullPage |
The application from top to bottom. | Documentation describes blackout with viewport wording; verify behavior in the Cypress release you run before relying on it for a full-page artifact. |
runner |
The application plus the Cypress browser interface and Command Log. | The API documentation says blackout is ignored for runner captures. Avoid runner screenshots when selector masking is required. |
The command reference lists viewport, fullPage and runner; its default is fullPage. Because the documentation’s blackout wording and capture terminology are not perfectly aligned, pin and verify the behavior of the Cypress version installed in your project. If a secret could appear outside the current viewport, do not treat a viewport-only policy as protection for a full-page or runner artifact.
Prepare the DOM for a manual screenshot
Some values are difficult to target with a permanent selector: a live clock, a transient notification or a canvas overlay. For a manually invoked screenshot, Cypress provides synchronous onBeforeScreenshot and onAfterScreenshot callbacks. Temporarily change the DOM, capture it, then restore the original state.
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cy.get('[data-testid="session-clock"]').then(($clock) => {
const originalVisibility = $clock.css('visibility')
cy.screenshot('dashboard-without-clock', {
capture: 'viewport',
onBeforeScreenshot: ($body) => {
$body.find('[data-testid="session-clock"]').css('visibility', 'hidden')
},
onAfterScreenshot: ($body) => {
$body.find('[data-testid="session-clock"]').css('visibility', originalVisibility)
}
})
})Keep the callback changes synchronous and limited to the capture. This technique is for screenshots you call explicitly; do not represent it as guaranteed protection for automatically generated failure screenshots.
Control automatic failure screenshots
During cypress run, Cypress takes screenshots on test failure by default. If a failure state may contain data that cannot safely be captured, disable that artifact in Cypress configuration:
// cypress.config.js
const { defineConfig } = require('cypress')
module.exports = defineConfig({
e2e: {
screenshotOnRunFailure: false
}
})Disabling the setting removes a valuable debugging artifact, so use it only when the exposure risk outweighs the diagnostic value. If you leave failure screenshots enabled, ensure the sensitive regions are covered by selectors that are present in the failure state and test that assumption deliberately.
Separate screenshot masking from Cloud and network-data controls
Cypress Cloud guidance describes blackout as masking selected elements in screenshots saved locally or visible to people who can access the Cloud run. That is distinct from redaction of captured network data. Test Replay controls can automatically redact certain credential and token fields in network logs, but network-log redaction does not mask pixels in a screenshot, and screenshot blackout does not sanitize request payloads.
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Audit local and CI copies
Screenshots are written to the configured screenshotsFolder, which defaults to cypress/screenshots. Cypress documents clearing that folder before cypress run when the default asset-cleanup behavior is active. Folder cleanup is not secure deletion of copies already uploaded or copied elsewhere. Review CI artifact upload rules, retention periods, cache settings and developer workstations separately.
- Restrict who can download screenshots and who can view Cloud runs.
- Set CI retention to the shortest period that supports debugging.
- Check whether failed-job diagnostics are copied to a second artifact store.
- Remove previously exposed images from every destination; changing a future test does not redact an old file.
A practical implementation checklist
- Inventory secrets and personal data that can appear in each application state, including error pages and empty states.
- Add stable attributes such as
data-hide="true"to the smallest regions that contain those values. - Set
capture: 'viewport'when you rely on Cypress’s documented blackout behavior. - Pass
blackoutper screenshot or establish the list inCypress.Screenshot.defaults(). - Wait until the sensitive component is rendered before taking the shot; otherwise your selector may not match the final DOM.
- Open representative PNG files from successful and failed tests and confirm that the covered region contains no readable text, image or overlay.
- Decide whether automatic failure screenshots are acceptable; set
screenshotOnRunFailure: falseif they are not. - Audit Cypress Cloud permissions, CI uploads, caches and retention independently of Cypress’s local cleanup.
Troubleshooting blackout failures
The secret is visible in the image
- Selector mismatch: inspect the rendered DOM and correct the selector. Check spelling, attribute values and shadow-DOM boundaries used by your application.
- Timing: wait for the component or its data before calling
cy.screenshot(). A selector that appears after capture cannot be masked retroactively. - Wrong mode: confirm that the command is not using
capture: 'runner'. Cypress says blackout is ignored for runner captures. - Content outside the marked node: mask the parent region or add selectors for tooltips, portals and overlays that are rendered elsewhere in the document.
The screenshot is blank or debugging context disappeared
A very broad blackout selector can cover more of the page than intended. Narrow it to the sensitive component, and keep a separate non-production test fixture with synthetic values for visual debugging.
Full-page behavior differs from expectation
The API documentation describes blackout as applying to viewport captures, while the command reference also names full-page capture. Treat full-page masking as version-sensitive: verify the exact Cypress release and inspect a full-page artifact. If the result is not reliably masked, split the workflow into safe viewport captures or remove the sensitive content before capture with a synchronous callback.
A failure screenshot still contains data
Automatic failure capture is a separate path from a manual cy.screenshot() call. Confirm that your global defaults are loaded in the support file, that selectors exist in the failing state and that the capture is not a runner image. If you cannot prove those conditions, disable failure screenshots and rely on sanitized test fixtures and logs.
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Performance, reliability and cost considerations
Blackout itself is a selector-matching step during screenshot preparation; the larger operational costs usually come from loading the page, waiting for asynchronous content and storing or uploading artifacts. Keep selectors specific to avoid unnecessary DOM work, and avoid taking full-page images when a viewport image answers the debugging question. Capture only the states needed to diagnose a test, then enforce retention in CI and Cloud.
For reliable protection, treat masking as a testable contract. Include a fixture containing unmistakable dummy secrets, capture it in every supported mode, and fail the check if the resulting file contains the fixture’s marker. This validates your selectors and your installed Cypress version without exposing real credentials.
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FAQ
Does blackout detect passwords automatically?
No. It applies the selectors you provide; Cypress documentation does not describe automatic secret discovery.
Can I mask the Cypress Command Log?
Use an application capture rather than a runner capture. Runner images include the Cypress interface, and the API documentation says blackout is ignored for that mode.
Does deleting cypress/screenshots erase Cloud copies?
No. Local folder cleanup does not remove images already uploaded to Cloud or copied into CI artifacts; those destinations require their own retention and deletion controls.
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Should production credentials be used in a screenshot test?
No. Use synthetic fixtures whenever possible, then use blackout as a defense-in-depth control for test data that could still appear.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a selector hide content rendered in an iframe?
A selector in the parent document does not automatically target content inside a cross-origin iframe. Test the actual rendered structure and avoid placing real secrets in screenshot fixtures.
What happens if a blackout selector matches several elements?
Each matching element is covered for that screenshot. Scope the selector carefully when only one instance should be hidden.
Quick Recap
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