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A factory reset erases data stored on an Android phone or tablet and returns it to the initial setup screen. Before you start, verify your backup and account credentials: a reset can permanently remove local files, and a recovery reset may ask for the Google Account previously used on the device. For most working devices, use Settings; reserve Recovery for cases where Settings is unavailable.

What a factory reset removes—and what it does not

A factory data reset removes user-installed apps and their local data, files held in internal storage, device settings, screen-lock configuration, and accounts stored on the device. It does not delete your online Google Account or erase copies that have already synced to a cloud service. A normal reset also generally leaves the installed Android system software in place rather than upgrading it. Google’s reset guidance and backup guidance describe what may be erased and restored.

Photos synced to Google Photos, contacts synchronized with an account, and cloud backups may remain available online. A backup is not necessarily a complete copy of the phone: restoration depends on the data type, app, account, Android version, and backup support. Do not treat a factory reset as a guaranteed forensic wipe of every storage sector.

Should you reset the device?

  • Selling, trading in, returning, or giving it away: A reset is appropriate after you back up what you need and remove accounts from the device.
  • Forgotten screen lock: A reset may be necessary, but it does not remove anti-theft verification. You may still need the Google Account previously used on the device.
  • Freezing, crashing, or poor performance: Try restarting, Safe Mode, or removing recently installed apps first. A reset may help with software problems, but cannot repair a failing battery, storage chip, display, or other hardware. Google provides steps for restarting or crashing devices and frozen devices.
  • Lost or stolen device: If it is online and registered, use Google’s remote-device service to erase it rather than waiting for physical access.
  • Malware concern: A reset removes local apps and data, but restoring a compromised backup or reinstalling the same harmful app can bring the problem back.

If the only issue is Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, one app, or an app preference, look for the narrower reset or repair option first; a full factory reset is destructive.

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Before you reset: complete this checklist

Do not begin until you can recover the accounts and data you care about.

  • Verify credentials: Confirm the Google Account email address on the device, test its password on another device, and make sure you know the screen-lock PIN, pattern, or password. If the Google password was recently changed, Google advises waiting 24 hours before resetting.
  • Check backups: Open your device’s backup settings and confirm the latest backup details. Google says backup completion can take up to 24 hours; do not assume it has finished just because backup is enabled.
  • Check individual data: Confirm photos, videos, contacts, and files are synced or copied somewhere you can access. Save downloads, recordings, notes, and offline media separately where needed.
  • Handle apps with their own transfer steps: Back up messaging apps separately, including encrypted chats whose restore may require a password or key. Transfer authenticator accounts, export them if supported, and save two-factor backup codes. Check password-manager sync and any banking or work apps you depend on.
  • Prepare storage and service: Remove the physical SIM. Ask your carrier how to transfer or erase an eSIM; erasing a profile does not necessarily cancel the cellular plan. Back up a microSD card and remove it if you are keeping it. Decrypt an encrypted card before resetting if you need to keep using it.
  • Prepare payment and access credentials: Check Google Wallet, transit cards, workplace badges, and manufacturer wallets for their own transfer or backup instructions. Some transit-card implementations may remind Android 15 and later users to protect stored funds before a reset. Payment cards may need to be added again afterward.
  • Power and connectivity: Google recommends at least 70% charge and an internet connection. Its guidance says a reset can take up to an hour; that is a maximum estimate, not the expected duration for every device.

Google Account backup may restore some account data, apps, and supported app data, but it is not a promise that every app, authenticator secret, encrypted chat, downloaded file, or eSIM will return. Photos and videos synced to Google Photos are handled separately. See Google’s Android backup and restore guide and, for Pixel-specific details, Google’s Pixel backup and restore guide.

Reset from Settings (recommended when it works)

Menu wording varies by Android version and manufacturer. If your menus differ, search Settings for factory reset or factory data reset, and follow the manufacturer’s instructions. This Settings route is preferable when deliberately preparing a device for transfer.

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General Android route

  1. Open Settings and search for factory reset or factory data reset.
  2. Open the matching reset option and review what the device says will be erased.
  3. Enter your screen-lock PIN, pattern, or password if requested.
  4. Confirm the reset and wait for the device to restart to its welcome or setup screen.

Google Pixel

  1. Open Settings.
  2. Tap System, then Reset options.
  3. Tap Erase all data (factory reset), then Erase all data.
  4. Enter your PIN if asked, confirm, and wait for the setup screen.

Google identifies the Settings reset as the appropriate choice for Pixel trade-ins. See Google Pixel factory-reset guidance.

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Samsung Galaxy phones and tablets

  1. Open Settings and search for Factory data reset.
  2. Open that option and review the information shown.
  3. Tap Reset, enter screen-lock credentials if requested, then tap Delete all.
  4. Enter the Samsung Account password if requested and wait for the setup screen.

Galaxy labels can vary by model, One UI version, and region. Samsung documents its process alongside Google Device Protection on Galaxy devices.

If Settings is unavailable: Recovery or hardware buttons

Use Recovery when Settings will not open, the device is locked, the screen is unusable but buttons work, or startup is stuck. The exact button sequence differs by model; do not assume one combination works on all Android phones. A reset from Recovery can trigger Factory Reset Protection and ask for the Google Account previously used on the device.

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Google Pixel Fastboot and Recovery

  • Pixel 6 and later: Turn the phone off, then hold Volume Down + Power for up to 30 seconds until Fastboot mode appears.
  • Earlier Pixel models: Hold Volume Up + Power for up to 30 seconds.

From Fastboot, select Recovery mode, then choose Wipe data/factory reset. Follow the instructions displayed on the device; where prompted, use the volume buttons to navigate and the power button to confirm. Google warns that holding the buttons too long may restart the phone, in which case you must repeat the process. Follow Google’s Pixel manual-reset instructions. For other brands, use the instructions for your exact model from its manufacturer.

Erase a lost or inaccessible device remotely

Remote erase is intended for a device you cannot access physically, especially one that is lost or stolen. It generally requires that the device has power, is connected to Wi-Fi or mobile data, is signed in to a Google Account, has Google’s device-finding service enabled, and is visible to Google Play. A remote lock secures a device without erasing it; remote erase deletes its local data if the command can reach it. After erasure, anti-theft verification may still require the owner’s Google credentials during setup. For locked Pixel options, see Google’s Pixel unlock guidance.

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For a sale or handoff: remove accounts before resetting

Factory Reset Protection (FRP), also called Google Device Protection in Samsung’s support material, is designed to prevent unauthorized reuse. A Recovery reset may ask for the Google Account previously associated with the phone. Before handing the device to someone else, remove the accounts from the device—this is not the same as deleting the online accounts—then reset through Settings.

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  1. Back up and verify the data you need.
  2. Remove the Google Account from the device and remove the Samsung or other manufacturer account, following the device’s account settings.
  3. Use the Settings-based factory reset, not Recovery, for an ordinary sale or trade-in.
  4. Wait for the welcome/setup screen and do not sign back in or continue setup.
  5. Remove the SIM and any microSD card you are keeping; confirm any eSIM transfer or removal with the carrier.

Samsung notes that a recently changed Google password may be subject to a 24-hour wait before it works for post-reset verification. If you cannot sign in, use account recovery or contact the manufacturer or an authorized service center with proof of ownership; avoid unofficial bypass services. See Samsung’s Google Device Protection guidance and Google’s Android reset guidance.

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After the reset

If you are keeping the device

  1. Connect to Wi-Fi or mobile data and sign in with the Google Account previously used on the device if verification requests it.
  2. Choose a backup during setup where available; restore time varies, and not all app data transfers.
  3. Check contacts, photos, messages, and files, then reinstall apps and reconnect Bluetooth devices.
  4. Re-add payment cards and transit passes, and reconfigure authenticator and messaging apps using their transfer procedures.

Google notes that restoration can take time and that transfers may be incomplete when the destination device runs an older Android version than the source. See Android backup and restore.

If you are transferring ownership

Stop at the welcome screen rather than setting up the phone again. Keep any handoff or shipment confirmation. If appropriate, check your account-management pages to confirm the device is no longer listed.

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Troubleshooting reset problems

The device asks for a Google Account

This is usually an anti-theft verification step, not evidence that the reset failed. Enter the exact Google Account previously used on the device. If its password was recently changed, wait up to 24 hours before trying again; if it is forgotten, use Google Account recovery. With proof of ownership but no account access, contact the manufacturer or an authorized service center. Do not use FRP-bypass apps, paid unlock sites, or unofficial firmware tools.

The phone will not open Settings

  1. Restart the device.
  2. Remove recently installed apps or use Safe Mode to test whether a downloaded app is responsible.
  3. Use the exact model’s manufacturer Recovery procedure if the normal interface remains unavailable.
  4. Use remote erase if the device is online and registered.
  5. Contact manufacturer or carrier support if buttons, display, or storage may be failing.

Google’s guides cover restarting or crashing devices and frozen or unresponsive devices.

The reset appears stuck

Google says the process can take up to an hour. Keep the device connected to power and avoid repeatedly pressing buttons while a progress screen or boot animation is active. If it remains unchanged for an unusually long time, consult the manufacturer’s instructions before forcing a shutdown.

The problem returns after reset

A reset cannot repair hardware defects, damaged system partitions, or failing components. If the issue returns only after restoring apps, a downloaded app or restored data may be responsible. Pixel owners can review Google’s factory-reset and software-repair options; the documented software repair tool is Pixel-specific and requires a compatible computer and USB cable.

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Less destructive options to try first

  • Restart the device or test in Safe Mode.
  • Uninstall a recently added app, or clear one app’s cache or storage.
  • Reset network settings or app preferences if the problem is limited to those settings.
  • Install an available system update or use the manufacturer’s software repair tool.
  • Seek hardware service if symptoms point to a defective battery, storage, display, buttons, or motherboard.

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