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To convert HTML to PDF in n8n, prepare a complete HTML document, turn it into a binary file named index.html, and send it as multipart form data to Gotenberg’s POST /forms/chromium/convert/html endpoint with an HTTP Request node. Gotenberg returns the PDF as binary data for a later n8n node to store or deliver. You need a reachable Gotenberg instance; n8n does not perform this conversion by itself in this workflow.
Build the HTML-to-PDF workflow
The dependable pattern is to separate document creation from rendering. First assemble the HTML string, then create the expected upload file, call a renderer, and route its binary response. This makes it easier to identify whether a problem is in your markup, resource access, rendering, or downstream delivery.
- Create a full HTML document. Include
<html>,<head>, and<body>, plus the CSS and content the PDF needs. Gotenberg’s HTML endpoint expects a file namedindex.html, and can load referenced CSS, images, and fonts when their paths are accessible to the renderer. See Gotenberg’s HTML conversion documentation. - Convert the string to binary. In n8n, use a Code node or another file-construction step to create a binary property containing the document and give the uploaded file the name
index.html. The name matters: it is the required multipart file field for this endpoint. - Configure an HTTP Request node. Make a
POSTrequest to your Gotenberg server’s/forms/chromium/convert/htmlpath. Send multipart form data with the binary file namedindex.html, and configure the node to return the response as a file/binary result. - Route the PDF binary. Connect the HTTP Request node to the node that stores, emails, returns, or otherwise processes the PDF. Set a predictable output filename using the
Gotenberg-Output-Filenamerequest header if you want a specific name.
For a self-hosted setup, the n8n template shows a separate Gotenberg service in Docker Compose, using the example image gotenberg/gotenberg:8 and the hostname http://gotenberg:3000 from n8n. That tag and address are examples from the template, not a claim that a particular image tag is the latest or right for every deployment. The important prerequisite is that the n8n runtime can resolve and reach the Gotenberg service. The template’s workflow accepts an html string and file_name, prepares index.html, makes the request, sets output metadata, and returns the resulting binary PDF: n8n’s Gotenberg workflow template.
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Use paths the renderer can access
A PDF renderer loads the document from its own runtime, not necessarily from the browser where you previewed the HTML. A relative image, stylesheet, or font path only works if the renderer can resolve it in the request context. For external resources, check that the Gotenberg container can reach the host, that the URL is valid from that container, and that the asset request does not require browser-only state or credentials unavailable to the renderer.
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Keep essential styling and text in the HTML or in reliably accessible files. If a missing image is unacceptable, verify that it loads before relying on the PDF output. A working HTML preview on your workstation does not prove that a container on another network can fetch every referenced asset.
Plan for JavaScript-rendered content
Static HTML and client-rendered pages are different cases. Gotenberg warns: “If the page relies on JavaScript to render data, charts, or external content, the conversion might trigger before the rendering is complete, resulting in blank or incomplete sections.” Consult its render-waiting documentation and choose an appropriate wait strategy when the document depends on JavaScript. Test that the data or chart is actually present before conversion; simply adding an arbitrary delay does not guarantee that a slow API call or failed script succeeded.
Choose a rendering route
There is no single best n8n integration for every deployment. The practical distinction is who operates the renderer, how much control you need over Chromium and page readiness, and whether the integration is an HTTP call or an installed node. The available information does not establish comparable service prices, throughput, or latency, so evaluate current vendor terms and limits directly before choosing.
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| Route | Hosting responsibility | Integration and useful fit | Check before adopting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gotenberg | Run a separate Gotenberg service if self-hosting. | HTTP Request to Chromium’s HTML conversion endpoint; useful when you want control of the rendering service. | Container networking, reachable assets, render-wait behavior, and the deployed Gotenberg version. See the endpoint docs. |
| n8n HTML-to-PDF integration / PDFMunk | The n8n integration directory describes an HTML-to-PDF integration; hosting and service terms depend on the current offering. | The directory describes HTML/CSS and URL-to-PDF capabilities. HTTP Request can also connect services outside n8n’s prebuilt catalog. | Confirm node availability and installation requirements in your n8n instance, and verify the service’s current terms. See the n8n integration listing. |
| PDF.co | Hosted API. | Accepts raw HTML and exposes a page-load waiting option; potentially suitable if you do not want to operate a Chromium container. | Credentials, request format, limits, and current pricing. Its DoNotWaitFullLoad option set to false waits for full page load, while true waits only for minimal loading to speed conversion. This is an API-specific behavior, not a universal rendering fix. See PDF.co’s documentation. |
| CustomJS PDF Toolkit | External API is involved; the referenced templates explicitly require self-hosted n8n. | Templates cover HTML-to-PDF conversion and related compression or text-extraction steps. | Self-hosted n8n requirement, CustomJS API key, and whether community-node installation is acceptable. See the conversion and compression template and the text extraction and conversion template. |
If you already operate containers and need control over Chromium-based rendering, Gotenberg is a straightforward fit. If you prefer a hosted service, compare its API’s actual input format, authentication, waiting controls, and limits with your document needs. A community node can shorten workflow configuration, but verify its installation model and maintenance status in the n8n environment where the workflow will run.
Handle the PDF as binary data
PDF output is not ordinary text. In the HTTP Request node, configure the response as a file or binary result, then inspect the node output to confirm that the binary property is present before connecting a storage or delivery node. Keep the binary property name consistent with what the downstream node expects. If your workflow must return the PDF to a caller, configure the final response node to return that binary data rather than serializing it as JSON.
Use a deterministic filename for stored documents or email attachments. Gotenberg supports the Gotenberg-Output-Filename header for output naming. For diagnosis, retain request IDs or relevant execution logs alongside the input that produced a bad document; that lets you distinguish an upload problem from an incomplete render or a later binary-handling error.
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Troubleshoot blank, incomplete, or missing PDFs
- The request fails or Gotenberg cannot be reached: Check the URL and port from the n8n container’s point of view. In a Docker network, use the service hostname that n8n can resolve, not an address that only works on your host machine. Confirm that the service is running and that the container network permits the connection.
- The endpoint rejects the upload: Verify that the request is a multipart POST to
/forms/chromium/convert/html, that the binary upload is named exactlyindex.html, and that the HTTP Request node is sending the binary property rather than the HTML as an unrelated text field. - The PDF is blank or missing sections: Check whether the content is static or appears only after JavaScript runs. Use an appropriate documented render wait, then inspect whether scripts and data requests succeeded. If the content depends on an API, confirm the renderer can reach it and receives the expected response.
- Images, fonts, or CSS are absent: Test each asset URL from the Gotenberg environment. Correct relative paths or make resources accessible to the renderer; check network restrictions and any authentication required to fetch them.
- The conversion node succeeds but the next node has no attachment: Confirm the HTTP Request response is configured as binary/file output and that the downstream node references the actual binary property. Do not treat the PDF bytes as a JSON response body.
- The file has an unexpected name: Set a deliberate
Gotenberg-Output-Filenameheader and check how the receiving storage or email node maps the binary filename.
Performance, reliability, and cost decisions
Conversion time and reliability depend on the page, resource availability, JavaScript work, network access, renderer configuration, and n8n’s own execution environment. The referenced material provides no comparable published performance or cost figures for these options, so do not assume a hosted API is faster or a self-hosted container is cheaper without measuring your own workload and checking current service terms.
For operational reliability, handle failed HTTP requests explicitly in the workflow, preserve enough execution detail to diagnose failures, and test representative documents rather than only a short static page. Include cases with large images, slow external assets, and client-rendered charts if those resemble production input. Ensure the Gotenberg container has the network access and resources your documents require, and avoid retries that merely repeat a deterministic malformed request.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can n8n convert an HTML string directly to a PDF without a renderer?
Not with the Gotenberg workflow described here: it sends the HTML file to a running Gotenberg instance, which performs the rendering.
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Can I use a URL instead of uploading HTML to Gotenberg’s HTML endpoint?
The documented endpoint discussed here converts an uploaded HTML file. Other services or integrations may offer URL-to-PDF input; check their current API documentation.
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