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Use iText pdfHTML and set the page geometry to landscape before conversion. You can put @page { size: A4 landscape; } in the stylesheet, or create a PdfDocument and call setDefaultPageSize(PageSize.A4.rotate()). The CSS approach keeps print layout with the template; the PDF-document approach lets application code impose the paper size. Both are documented iText patterns, but verify method signatures and feature support against the pdfHTML and iText Core versions you select.
What you need
- A Java (or .NET) project with compatible iText Core and pdfHTML dependencies. Select the two versions as a pair; the documentation cited here does not establish one universally correct current pair.
- Your HTML, stylesheet, images, and fonts available to the converter.
- A writable output stream or file.
pdfHTML is iText’s HTML/CSS-to-PDF add-on and HtmlConverter is its principal conversion API. See the official conversion tutorial and the pdfHTML product page for the dependency and overload model.
Method 1: Set landscape in CSS
Use CSS paged media when the HTML template owns its print presentation. Add this rule to the stylesheet supplied to pdfHTML:
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@page {
size: A4 landscape;
margin: 12mm;
}
The cited iText feature matrix reports support for @page, the size property, and the portrait/landscape keywords for pdfHTML 6.3.3 paired with iText Core 9.7.0. That is a version-scoped statement, not a guarantee for every later release; check the current matrix before shipping.
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Complete Java example
import com.itextpdf.html2pdf.ConverterProperties;
import com.itextpdf.html2pdf.HtmlConverter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
public class HtmlToLandscapePdf {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConverterProperties properties = new ConverterProperties();
// Resolve relative CSS, images, and fonts from this directory.
properties.setBaseUri("/absolute/path/to/web-assets/");
try (FileInputStream html = new FileInputStream("report.html");
FileOutputStream pdf = new FileOutputStream("report-landscape.pdf")) {
HtmlConverter.convertToPdf(html, pdf, properties);
}
}
}
In report.html, link your CSS normally or embed the @page rule. The base URI is important when markup contains relative URLs such as css/print.css, images/chart.png, or web fonts. The tutorial demonstrates configuring ConverterProperties and a base URI.
Method 2: Set the PDF document’s default page size
Choose this route when the calling application, rather than the template, must control paper dimensions. Rotate a standard page size before conversion:
import com.itextpdf.html2pdf.ConverterProperties;
import com.itextpdf.html2pdf.HtmlConverter;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.geom.PageSize;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfWriter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
public class HtmlToLandscapePdfByCode {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConverterProperties properties = new ConverterProperties();
properties.setBaseUri("/absolute/path/to/web-assets/");
try (PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter("report-landscape.pdf");
PdfDocument document = new PdfDocument(writer);
FileInputStream html = new FileInputStream("report.html")) {
document.setDefaultPageSize(PageSize.A4.rotate());
HtmlConverter.convertToPdf(html, document, properties);
}
}
}
The iText page-size example demonstrates setDefaultPageSize(...) as the control point. The exact combined snippet above is illustrative, so confirm constructors, close behavior, and overloads against the release you install.
Other paper sizes and margins
Replace PageSize.A4.rotate() with another iText PageSize rotated to landscape, or define a custom width and height. With CSS, change A4 to the paper format your print workflow requires and set margins in the same @page block. Keep one owner for geometry where possible: conflicting CSS and document defaults can make troubleshooting harder.
Choosing between CSS and Java configuration
| Question | CSS @page |
PdfDocument default size |
|---|---|---|
| Who owns print layout? | The HTML/CSS template | The application invoking conversion |
| Best fit | Templates reused by designers or multiple converters | Services that impose a standard output format |
| Typical control | Paper keyword, orientation, margins, print rules | Exact page dimensions before conversion |
| Watch for | CSS support varies by pdfHTML version | Template rules may still affect margins and breaks |
Neither route is universally preferable. Compare the paper format, margins, page breaks, overflow, and resource resolution in the actual documents you generate.
Use the right HtmlConverter overload
iText examples show conversion from a string, file, or stream, and distinguish convertToPdf() from convertToDocument(). Use convertToPdf() when you only need the finished file. Use convertToDocument() when subsequent code must work with the layout document before it is closed. The public API page available for reference is specifically pdfHTML 5.0.4; treat it as API-shape documentation, not a current dependency recommendation.
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String input
String html = "<html><head>" +
"<style>@page { size: A4 landscape; }</style>" +
"</head><body><h1>Report</h1></body></html>";
HtmlConverter.convertToPdf(html, new PdfWriter("report.pdf"));
For production templates, prefer a stream or file and configure a base URI rather than concatenating large strings.
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JavaScript is not executed
pdfHTML parses HTML and CSS; it does not run JavaScript. If a chart, table, or other content appears only after script execution, first render or preprocess the page with a browser engine, then pass the resulting HTML to iText. iText explains this requirement in its browser-engine guidance.
CSS is not browser-complete
Landscape support does not imply browser-equivalent rendering. Consult the pdfHTML feature matrix for the CSS features used by your document. Test flex, grid, positioned elements, page-break rules, generated content, and font behavior rather than assuming a browser screenshot predicts the PDF.
Resources and fonts
Resolve every relative URL through setBaseUri, use accessible file or HTTP resources appropriate to your deployment, and verify that the runtime can read them. Missing fonts can change line wrapping and push a wide table onto additional pages.
A validation checklist
- Open the generated PDF and confirm the media dimensions are landscape, not merely that content appears rotated.
- Check the widest table, long URLs, code blocks, and images for clipping at both page edges.
- Inspect page breaks, headers, footers, and repeated table headings.
- Verify that every image, stylesheet, and font loaded from a relative path.
- Compare a representative document at the target paper size and printer margins.
- Repeat the test after upgrading either iText Core or pdfHTML, because feature support is version-specific.
Troubleshooting common failures
The PDF is portrait
Confirm that the CSS containing @page is actually loaded and that the selector is valid. If your service must enforce orientation, set document.setDefaultPageSize(PageSize.A4.rotate()) before conversion. Also verify that you are not inspecting an old output file.
Images or CSS are missing
Set an absolute, correct base URI and ensure the process has permission to read it. Relative URLs are resolved from that base, not from your shell’s current directory.
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Content is clipped or unexpectedly paginated
Reduce page margins, constrain oversized fixed-width elements, and check unsupported CSS in the feature matrix. A landscape page is wider but still has finite printable width; long unbreakable strings and fixed pixel widths can overflow.
Dynamic content is blank
Because pdfHTML does not execute JavaScript, capture the post-rendered HTML with a browser engine or server-side data expansion first.
Compilation errors after an upgrade
Check that Core and pdfHTML versions are compatible and compare the selected release’s API documentation with your imports and overload. Do not copy a method signature from the 5.0.4 API page without checking your installed version.
Performance, reliability, and operational notes
- Reuse immutable template data and avoid repeatedly downloading the same resources in one job; resource access is often the slowest part of conversion.
- Use streams for large HTML files instead of building several full in-memory copies.
- Set explicit timeouts and isolate untrusted input when your application fetches remote resources; a converter should not be allowed to access arbitrary internal URLs.
- Keep a golden HTML fixture and compare page count, dimensions, and visual output in CI after dependency changes.
- Record the iText Core/pdfHTML versions with each generated artifact so a rendering difference can be traced.
These practices improve repeatability, but they do not replace inspection of the actual PDF. The official feature documentation is a capability matrix, not a guarantee that every browser-authored layout will match.
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FAQ
Can I use a custom landscape size?
Yes. Define the dimensions in CSS paged media or provide a custom landscape page size to the PdfDocument; validate the resulting dimensions with your print workflow.
Does landscape orientation make unsupported CSS work?
No. Orientation and CSS feature coverage are separate concerns. Check the versioned feature matrix for each layout feature you depend on.
Which iText version should I install?
The cited feature statement covers pdfHTML 6.3.3 with iText Core 9.7.0. Treat that as the documented scope and verify the current compatible pair for a new project.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a custom landscape size?
Yes. Define the dimensions in CSS paged media or provide a custom landscape page size to the PdfDocument; validate the resulting dimensions with your print workflow.
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Does landscape orientation make unsupported CSS work?
No. Orientation and CSS feature coverage are separate concerns. Check the versioned feature matrix for each layout feature you depend on.
Which iText version should I install?
The cited feature statement covers pdfHTML 6.3.3 with iText Core 9.7.0. Treat that as the documented scope and verify the current compatible pair for a new project.
Quick Recap
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