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Configure a Java analyzer’s classpath in the project’s build tool or analyzer configuration, then invoke that configured analysis from Jenkins. Jenkins provides an agent and workspace; it does not have one universal Java-analysis-classpath setting. For bytecode analysis, the analyzer typically needs the compiled classes being examined and the dependency classes they reference. Source analyzers can have different requirements.

What “analysis classpath” means

The phrase can refer to different things. An analyzer may need its own runtime libraries to launch, project output and dependencies to resolve Java types, or both. Those are separate concerns: adding a jar so the analyzer or a custom rule can load does not necessarily provide the project’s dependencies for analysis.

For bytecode-oriented tools, start with the compiled output for the source set being analyzed and the dependencies on which that code was compiled. Common output-directory conventions include target/classes for Maven and build/classes/java/main for Gradle, but the actual paths depend on project configuration. For source analysis, check the analyzer’s requirements rather than assuming a Java application classpath is needed.

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Where Jenkins fits

A Jenkins Pipeline schedules work on an agent and runs steps in that agent’s workspace. Build-tool invocations and analyzer configuration belong to Maven, Gradle, Ant, or the analyzer itself; Jenkins is the orchestration layer. See the Jenkinsfile guide and Pipeline guide.

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Keep compilation and analysis in the same workspace when possible. If separate stages use different agents or containers, make sure the analysis environment receives the compiled outputs and can resolve the required dependencies. Jenkins notes that Dockerized stages can use a temporary workspace; see Using Docker with Pipeline.

Configure analysis with Maven

When a Maven analyzer plugin runs in the project context, Maven can resolve the project and its dependencies. For example, the SpotBugs Maven goal has documented defaults for the project’s main and test output directories. That is usually safer than assembling a jar list in the Jenkinsfile. See the SpotBugs Maven goal documentation.

With the analyzer plugin configured in the project, a Pipeline can invoke the project’s lifecycle and analysis goal:

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pipeline {
    agent { label 'linux-java' }

    tools {
        jdk 'jdk-17'
        maven 'maven-3'
    }

    stages {
        stage('Build and analyze') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn -B clean verify spotbugs:check'
            }
        }
    }
}

jdk-17 and maven-3 are example Jenkins tool-installation names; replace them with names configured on your controller. Confirm the analysis goal and plugin configuration against the version pinned by the project. The clean goal removes prior output, so the lifecycle must compile the project before the analyzer runs. For a multi-module build, verify that Maven is invoked at the reactor root or that required sibling-module artifacts are available.

The optional Pipeline Maven Integration plugin provides withMaven to configure a Maven installation and environment for shell or batch calls. It does not replace analyzer classpath configuration in the project.

Configure analysis with Gradle

Gradle’s Java plugin models outputs and compile classpaths per source set. The SpotBugs Gradle plugin’s documented pattern uses the matching source set’s source, output, and compile classpath:

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spotbugsMain {
    sourceSets = sourceSets.main.allSource
    classDirs = sourceSets.main.output
    auxClassPaths = sourceSets.main.compileClasspath
}

Here, output supplies the source set’s generated output and compileClasspath supplies dependencies used to compile it. The SpotBugs task properties are documented in the SpotBugs Gradle task reference; source-set behavior is described in the Gradle Java Plugin documentation.

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Run the project’s configured task from Jenkins, commonly through the Gradle wrapper:

pipeline {
    agent { label 'linux-java' }

    stages {
        stage('Build and analyze') {
            steps {
                sh './gradlew clean check'
            }
        }
    }
}

Use the wrapper and analysis task actually configured in the build. Gradle’s check task includes verification tasks added by plugins, but a particular analyzer is included only if the project configuration attaches it. For test analysis, configure the test source set’s output and compile classpath rather than reusing main values.

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Other analyzers and build setups

SpotBugs with Ant

Ant configuration distinguishes analyzed classes, auxiliary dependencies, and source paths. A simplified task looks like this:

<spotbugs home="${spotbugs.home}" output="xml" outputFile="spotbugs.xml">
  <auxClasspath path="${basedir}/lib/dependency.jar"/>
  <sourcePath path="${basedir}/src/main/java"/>
  <class location="${basedir}/build/classes"/>
</spotbugs>

The auxClasspath entries contain referenced classes that should not themselves be analyzed; sourcePath supports source information in output. Ensure the Ant target compiles first. See the SpotBugs Ant task documentation.

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PMD for Java

PMD Java supports an auxiliary classpath for locating compiled classes. Its Java language configuration documents the auxClasspath property as available since PMD 7.0.0, and the CLI accepts --aux-classpath or the PMD_JAVA_AUX_CLASSPATH environment variable. For a direct CLI call, include the compiled output and required dependency paths using the platform’s path separator, and ensure those files exist before analysis. When available, a Maven or Gradle integration can use the project’s dependency resolution instead. See PMD Java language configuration and the PMD Java API overview.

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Checkstyle

Checkstyle’s basic workflow analyzes Java source files against a configuration file. Its command-line classpath relates to launching Checkstyle and loading custom check modules; it is not generally a project-dependency classpath for Java type resolution. Add project dependencies only when a specific custom check or integration requires them. See Checkstyle getting started and the Checkstyle command line documentation.

Standalone analyzer commands

If no build-tool integration is available, configure the analyzer’s own classpath option or task settings and invoke it after compilation. Avoid a blanket global CLASSPATH: it may affect unrelated tools and differ from the dependencies used by the build. Prefer analyzer-specific settings, such as PMD’s Java auxiliary classpath, and use the same dependency variants and generated outputs as the compilation being analyzed.

Troubleshoot missing or inaccurate analysis

  • Missing referenced classes: Check whether the analyzer received both the selected source set’s compiled output and its resolved dependencies. SpotBugs explains that missing classes can reduce result accuracy and recommends a complete auxiliary classpath in its FAQ.
  • Output directory absent or stale: Confirm compilation and code generation ran before analysis. A clean build removes previous outputs; analysis run too early may fail or use incomplete classes.
  • Wrong source set: Match main analysis to main output and compile dependencies, and test analysis to test output and its compile dependencies. Gradle separates these configurations; runtime and compile classpaths are not interchangeable.
  • Different module context: A leaf Maven or Gradle module may not have sibling module outputs available. Run analysis in the appropriate root/reactor context or ensure sibling artifacts are built and resolvable.
  • Agent or workspace changed: Check that compilation and analysis use the same workspace, or explicitly transfer outputs. Different Jenkins agents and containers do not automatically share local files.
  • Dependency resolution differs: Compare JDK/toolchain, Maven profiles, Gradle variants, generated-code steps, and repository settings between build and analysis. These changes can produce a classpath different from the one that compiled the code.
  • Only report publishing is failing: Separate execution from publishing. First verify the analyzer ran and wrote its report in the expected workspace path; then check the reporting step’s path and agent.

Verify the configuration before relying on results

  1. Identify whether the analyzer needs launcher/custom-rule libraries, project classes and dependencies, or both.
  2. Identify the exact source set or module being analyzed and its compiled output.
  3. Use the matching build-resolved compile classpath where type resolution is required; avoid manually maintained dependency lists where possible.
  4. Ensure compile and analysis run after code generation and in an environment that can access the same outputs and artifacts.
  5. Check the analyzer’s own documentation for whether missing classes are fatal, reported as warnings, or reduce analysis precision.

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