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Use a URL queue, render each page only after page.open reports success, and assign every target a deterministic filename. The script below captures multiple sites sequentially, sets a consistent viewport, records failures, and exits only when the queue is complete. PhantomJS is now legacy software: development is suspended, the 2.x branch is deprecated, and its repository is archived. Test the exact PhantomJS 2.1.1 binary and every target site before putting this workflow into production.

What you need before capturing

  • A PhantomJS installation available as the phantomjs command. The command-line reference is written for PhantomJS 2.1.1 unless noted otherwise.
  • A JavaScript file containing your URL list and capture logic.
  • Write permission for the output directory.
  • A decision about the viewport, output format, and whether content that appears after the initial load needs extra waiting.

PhantomJS is a command-line, scriptable headless browser. Its basic capture sequence is to create a webpage object, call page.open, check the callback status, call page.render after a successful load, and call phantom.exit() when all work is finished.

Capture several websites with a sequential queue

Save this as multi-capture.js. It uses a queue rather than launching all URLs at once, so one page finishes before the next begins. That prevents shared-page state from racing, keeps output names unique, and makes each failure attributable to one URL.

var page = require('webpage').create();
var targets = [
  'https://example.com/',
  'https://example.org/'
];
var index = 0;

page.viewportSize = { width: 1365, height: 768 };

function next() {
  if (index >= targets.length) {
    phantom.exit();
    return;
  }

  var url = targets[index];
  var output = 'capture-' + (index + 1) + '.png';
  index += 1;

  page.open(url, function (status) {
    if (status === 'success') {
      page.render(output);
      console.log('Saved ' + output + ' from ' + url);
    } else {
      console.log('Failed to load ' + url + ' (' + status + ')');
    }
    next();
  });
}

next();

Run it from the directory containing the script:

phantomjs multi-capture.js

The command follows PhantomJS’s documented phantomjs [options] somescript.js form. A successful run writes capture-1.png, capture-2.png, and so on. A failed URL is logged and skipped; later URLs still run.

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Use filenames derived from the URL

Index-based names are collision-safe and preserve input order. If you prefer readable names, define them explicitly so punctuation, query strings, and duplicate hostnames cannot overwrite one another:

var targets = [
  { url: 'https://example.com/', file: 'example-home.png' },
  { url: 'https://example.org/docs', file: 'example-org-docs.png' }
];

function next() {
  if (index >= targets.length) {
    phantom.exit();
    return;
  }
  var target = targets[index++];
  page.open(target.url, function (status) {
    if (status === 'success') {
      page.render(target.file);
      console.log('Saved ' + target.file + ' from ' + target.url);
    } else {
      console.log('Failed to load ' + target.url + ' (' + status + ')');
    }
    next();
  });
}
next();

Do not build a filename directly from an untrusted URL. Slashes, colons, Unicode, query parameters, and very long paths can create invalid or unintended paths. Keep a fixed extension and sanitize any generated slug.

Set viewport size and capture only part of a page

Browser viewport

page.viewportSize controls the browser window used to lay out the page. Set it before opening the first URL when all screenshots must be comparable:

page.viewportSize = { width: 1440, height: 900 };

The viewport affects responsive breakpoints, so changing it can change navigation, columns, and typography. Use the same width and height for every target when you are creating a visual comparison set.

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Clipped rectangle

Use page.clipRect to limit the captured rectangle. Coordinates are measured from the page’s top-left origin:

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page.clipRect = { top: 0, left: 0, width: 800, height: 600 };
page.render('top-left.png');

Clear or replace the rectangle before the next capture if different pages need different regions. A clip rectangle is not the same as a full-page render: it deliberately omits content outside the specified area.

Choose PNG, JPEG, GIF, or PDF output

page.render selects a format from the output filename extension. The documented formats are PNG, JPEG, GIF, and PDF.

page.render('page.png');
page.render('page.jpg', { format: 'jpeg', quality: 90 });
page.render('page.gif');
page.render('page.pdf');

JPEG quality is an integer setting such as 90; it trades file size against compression artifacts. PNG is usually preferable for text, interfaces, and transparency. Use PDF when the deliverable is a document rather than a pixel comparison, and verify pagination on the target site.

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Wait for content that appears after page load

A successful page.open callback means the navigation completed according to PhantomJS; it does not prove that every script, lazy image, chart, or API response has finished. The official examples demonstrate inserting a setTimeout before rendering. Choose the delay per site and keep it bounded:

page.open(url, function (status) {
  if (status !== 'success') {
    console.log('Failed to load ' + url + ' (' + status + ')');
    next();
    return;
  }

  window.setTimeout(function () {
    page.render(output);
    console.log('Saved ' + output);
    next();
  }, 2000);
});

There is no universal delay that guarantees complete rendering. For repeatable jobs, add a page-level readiness check that your own site exposes, or use a conservative timeout and document what it means. Avoid an unbounded wait: one page that never reaches the expected state can stall the entire queue.

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Make batch runs reproducible

  • Keep the URL list stable. Store it in source control or generate it from a versioned input file.
  • Fix the viewport. Responsive layouts otherwise produce different images between runs.
  • Log URL, status, filename, and elapsed time. This gives you an audit trail without opening every image.
  • Separate output directories by run. A timestamped directory prevents old files from being mistaken for current captures.
  • Decide retry behavior explicitly. Retrying a transient failure can help, but retry policy is your application logic, not a PhantomJS feature.

For large lists, extend the queue with a retry counter and a failure report. Keep processing sequential unless you have independently verified that your PhantomJS binary, memory budget, and target sites tolerate parallel processes.

Troubleshoot common failures

page.open returns fail

Log the complete URL and status, skip rendering, and continue. Check DNS, TLS compatibility, redirects, authentication requirements, and whether the site blocks the old browser engine. Retry only a bounded number of times; otherwise record the URL for manual review.

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The screenshot is blank or incomplete

Confirm that rendering occurs only inside the successful callback. Add a site-specific bounded delay or readiness check for content injected after navigation. Check that your clip rectangle is not positioned outside the visible page.

Images or fonts are missing

Those resources may load after the callback, require JavaScript unsupported by PhantomJS’s old engine, or be blocked by the target. Increase the bounded wait only after confirming the resource eventually arrives; a longer delay cannot fix an incompatible script.

Every file has the same content

Do not start a second page.open until the previous callback (and any intentional wait) has finished. The queue pattern above reuses one page safely and increments the filename before navigation.

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The process never exits

Ensure every branch calls next(), including failures and timeout paths. Ensure the completion branch calls phantom.exit(). A missing callback path leaves PhantomJS running indefinitely.

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Output files are overwritten

Use an index or an explicit unique filename for each target. Include a run directory if separate executions can process the same list.

PhantomJS maintenance status and suitability

The PhantomJS project homepage states: “Important: PhantomJS development is suspended until further notice.” The project wiki describes the 2.x branch as deprecated and no longer maintained, and the GitHub repository is archived. Consequently, treat this method as legacy automation: record the exact binary version, run a compatibility check against every target site, and avoid assuming modern browser behavior. For a new system, evaluate a maintained browser automation stack against the same requirements—JavaScript compatibility, dynamic-content handling, viewport and clipping controls, output formats, batch orchestration, and local versus hosted execution.

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Or skip the browser setup

If you need repeatable captures without installing or maintaining PhantomJS, ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. Before capture it accepts cookie or consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and response headers report the page verdict and whether the request was billed.

See the parameter reference in the ScreenshotNeo documentation. This cURL example captures Stripe:

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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp

Python:

import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)

Node.js:

const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);

ScreenshotNeo also supports full-page captures with lazy images loaded, CSS-selector element captures, dark mode, 12 device presets and custom viewports, retina scale, PDF paper and page-range controls, custom CSS and JavaScript, clicks before capture, selector hiding, waits for a selector, delay or network idle, request and resource blocking, custom headers, cookies, user agents, Authorization, timezone and geolocation, transparent backgrounds, resizing, chosen cache TTLs, signed image links, asynchronous jobs with signed webhooks, bulk capture of up to 100 URLs per call, a usage API, and an OpenAPI specification. Parameter names used by other screenshot APIs are accepted to ease migration.

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An MCP server exposes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf to Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients, so an AI agent can perform captures without custom browser scripting. Plans include 1,000 screenshots per month free with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000, with every feature on every plan. Create a free ScreenshotNeo account.

When PhantomJS is still a reasonable choice

PhantomJS can remain useful when an existing test harness already depends on its APIs, the target pages are simple enough for its engine, and you can pin and test the binary. It is a poor default for sites that depend on current browser APIs, rapidly changing client-side frameworks, strict bot protection, or long-term maintenance. In those cases, compare a maintained local browser or a hosted renderer using the criteria above, and migrate incrementally: reproduce one known screenshot, then expand the URL queue.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can PhantomJS capture URLs from a text file instead of hard-coding an array?

Yes. Read the file with PhantomJS’s documented system and filesystem modules, split on newlines, remove blank entries, and feed the resulting array to the same sequential queue. Validate and log each URL before opening it.

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Does page.render automatically make a full-page screenshot?

No. The viewport and any clip rectangle determine the captured area. A full-page result requires a page layout and rendering approach that your PhantomJS version and target page can handle; do not assume that a tall document is automatically captured beyond the viewport.

How should I handle pages requiring login?

Supply authentication through the page’s supported navigation or session setup, and verify that the resulting capture contains the authenticated state. Never place reusable credentials in a public script or log.

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