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Capture screenshots inside your Playwright test with page.screenshot(), then upload the directory where the files were saved with actions/upload-artifact. Put the upload step after the test command and give it a condition that still runs when tests fail; otherwise, the most useful failure evidence may disappear with the GitHub Actions runner.
Choose what to capture
Playwright creates the image in the test process. The main choice is whether you need the current viewport, the entire scrollable page, or a particular element. A regular screenshot is usually smaller and useful for checking a state; a full-page capture includes content below the fold; an element capture narrows the image to a component.
| Capture | Example | Best for |
|---|---|---|
| Current viewport | await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/home.png' }); |
A visible page state, such as a loaded dashboard or dialog. |
| Full page | await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/home.png', fullPage: true }); |
Reviewing the complete scrollable document. The image can be taller and larger than a viewport capture. |
| One element | await page.getByRole('main').screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/main.png' }); |
Inspecting a specific component without capturing unrelated page content. |
Playwright also returns screenshots as buffers. Use a buffer when code needs to attach or process the image without first saving a standalone file. See the Playwright screenshot guide, Page API, and Locator API for the supported options.
Write screenshots from a Playwright test
Create the destination directory before saving a standalone screenshot. A fixed filename is fine for a single test, but multiple tests writing to the same path can overwrite one another. For test-specific output, use Playwright’s managed output path instead.
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Simple screenshot with a known path
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import { mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
test('capture the home page', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/Example/);
await mkdir('screenshots', { recursive: true });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/home.png' });
});Replace the example URL and assertion with your application and the state you want to capture. Use fullPage: true for a full-document image, or capture a locator if the whole page is not needed:
await page.getByRole('main').screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/main.png' });Use a test-managed output path
testInfo.outputPath() gives each test a path managed by Playwright, reducing collisions when several tests capture images. You can attach the result to the test as well:
import { test } from '@playwright/test';
import { mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
test('capture a test-specific page state', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
await page.goto('https://example.com');
const screenshotPath = testInfo.outputPath('screenshot.png');
await mkdir(testInfo.outputDir, { recursive: true });
await page.screenshot({ path: screenshotPath });
await testInfo.attach('page screenshot', {
path: screenshotPath,
contentType: 'image/png',
});
});Attachments associate the image with test results, while a normal screenshot directory is convenient when you want direct image files in a downloadable artifact. Playwright documents path- and buffer-based attachments in the TestInfo API and TestStepInfo API.
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Install Playwright browsers in the GitHub Actions runner
A GitHub-hosted Linux runner needs the browser binaries and their system dependencies before tests can launch. Playwright’s CI guide uses npx playwright install --with-deps. The following workflow shows a complete basic pattern, including checkout, Node setup, dependency installation, browser installation, test execution, and screenshot upload.
name: Playwright screenshots
on:
push:
pull_request:
jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Check out repository
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Set up Node.js
uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: 20
cache: npm
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Install Playwright browsers and Linux dependencies
run: npx playwright install --with-deps
- name: Run Playwright tests
run: npx playwright test
- name: Upload screenshots
if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
with:
name: playwright-screenshots
path: screenshots/
retention-days: 14The action versions, Node version, and retention period above are example choices, not universal requirements. Check the current action versions and your repository’s artifact-retention policy before adopting them. In particular, ensure your test code writes to screenshots/ if that is the upload path. For test-managed output, point path at the relevant Playwright output directory instead. See the Playwright CI guide for the official workflow pattern.
Keep screenshots when a test fails
Put the upload step after npx playwright test. By default, a failed test command gives the job a failure status, but the upload step can still run if its condition permits it. The example uses if: ${{ !cancelled() }}: it allows the upload to run after test failure, while not running after the workflow is cancelled.
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To retain failure evidence, make sure the test actually writes an image before it fails or captures on failure. A screenshot call placed only after an assertion that fails will never execute. You can instead capture at the point where you detect an error, or use Playwright’s test output and attachment mechanisms to associate evidence with a test. Upload the path that contains those files.
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Choose between attachments, image artifacts, and reports
- Test-linked attachments: use
testInfo.attach()when each image should appear with its related test result. - A screenshot-directory artifact: upload a directory when reviewers need direct image files, independent of the report.
- An HTML report artifact: upload the report output when reviewers need a browsable test report. The Playwright CI example uploads the HTML report; use the same artifact-upload pattern for screenshots.
These approaches can be combined, but each has a distinct purpose. A report upload is not a substitute for uploading a separate screenshot directory unless the screenshots are included in the report in the way your team expects.
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Handle sharded test runs
Each GitHub Actions job has its own filesystem. If Playwright tests run in multiple shards, a screenshot created in one shard is not automatically available to another job. Give each shard’s artifact a distinct name, upload it from that job, then download the artifacts in a dependent job if you need a combined set. Playwright’s documented blob-report workflow similarly uploads per-shard reports and merges them into an HTML report; see the sharding guide.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot missing screenshots and failed launches
- No browser launches: confirm the workflow installs browsers and Linux dependencies before running tests. The CI guide’s command is
npx playwright install --with-deps. - Need more launch diagnostics: set
DEBUG=pw:browserfor the test step to get browser-launch diagnostics. This is useful for errors such as a failed browser launch; details are in the CI guide. - The upload artifact is empty or missing: check that the test created the directory in the runner workspace and that the upload action’s
pathmatches it exactly. If usingtestInfo.outputPath(), upload the actual output directory rather than a separate, unusedscreenshots/folder. - Tests fail and the upload is skipped: place the upload after the test command and use a condition such as
if: ${{ !cancelled() }}so failure does not block evidence upload. - One image replaces another: avoid a shared fixed filename when multiple tests write to it; use test-managed output paths or distinct names.
- No screenshot exists for the failing assertion: capture before the assertion can terminate the test, or arrange to capture at the failure point. An upload step cannot recover an image that the test never wrote.
- Images from other shards are unavailable: upload them as per-shard artifacts, then download them in a dependent job that needs the combined files.
Protect screenshot artifacts
Screenshots and test reports may reveal test credentials, access tokens, source code, or application details. Playwright’s CI setup guide warns that reports, traces, and console logs can contain sensitive material. Limit artifact access to appropriate collaborators, use trusted storage, encrypt sensitive files where appropriate, and retain artifacts only as long as needed. Review the captured page itself before making artifacts broadly accessible.
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a website screenshot without installing Playwright and managing a browser in CI, ScreenshotNeo is a screenshot API and MCP server for developers. A single GET request can return an image or PDF; the example below saves a WebP response:
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot"
-d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY
--data-urlencode url=https://example.com
-o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo documentation for the API details. Cookie banners, popups, and chat widgets are removed before the shot; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. An MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card, and paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Sign up free for ScreenshotNeo.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I upload screenshots when Playwright tests fail?
Yes. Place the artifact-upload step after the test command and give it a condition such as if: ${{ !cancelled() }} so it can run after test failure.
Can Playwright capture only one part of a page?
Yes. Call screenshot() on a locator, such as page.getByRole('main').screenshot(), to capture that element rather than the page.
Do GitHub Actions artifacts create the screenshots?
No. Playwright writes the screenshot files; the artifact action uploads the files that exist at its configured path.
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