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Use PyAutoGUI’s screenshot() function with a region tuple in (left, top, width, height) order. The first two numbers identify the upper-left screen coordinate; the last two define the rectangle’s size.
import pyautogui
left, top, width, height = 100, 150, 400, 300
image = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, width, height))
image.save('region.png')The call returns a Pillow image object, so you can continue processing it in Python or save it immediately. The same operation can save directly by passing a filename as the first argument.
What the region tuple means
PyAutoGUI uses screen coordinates whose origin is the top-left corner. X increases toward the right and Y increases downward, as described in the mouse-control documentation. A region is not expressed as two corners. It is always:
| Value | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
left |
Horizontal coordinate of the rectangle’s upper-left corner | 100 |
top |
Vertical coordinate of the rectangle’s upper-left corner | 150 |
width |
Number of pixels captured horizontally | 400 |
height |
Number of pixels captured vertically | 300 |
Thus, (100, 150, 400, 300) starts 100 pixels from the left edge and 150 pixels from the top, then captures a 400-by-300 rectangle. Do not substitute (left, top, right, bottom); that is a different convention and will produce the wrong area.
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Install PyAutoGUI and its screenshot dependencies
Install PyAutoGUI with pip. The official installation guide shows platform-specific commands; on macOS and Linux it currently uses:
python3 -m pip install pyautoguiOn Windows, follow the Windows command in that same guide rather than assuming that a particular Python launcher or environment is present. Screenshot support requires Pillow. Linux installations also require the components named by the documentation, including scrot and Tkinter. Those operating-system requirements can change, so use the instructions for your installed PyAutoGUI release and distribution.
Check that your interpreter and pip refer to the same environment. A reliable pattern is to create or activate your virtual environment first, then run the installation command through that environment’s Python executable.
Capture and save a rectangle
Two-step form: receive the image, then save it
This form is useful when you need to inspect, crop, annotate or otherwise process the returned image before writing it:
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import pyautogui
left, top, width, height = 100, 150, 400, 300
image = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, width, height))
image.save('region.png')image is a Pillow/PIL image object. The filename extension selects the usual image format when Pillow saves it; use a filename such as region.jpg or region.webp when that format is available in your Pillow installation.
One-call form: save while capturing
Pass the output filename to screenshot() and keep the same region keyword:
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import pyautogui
pyautogui.screenshot(
'region.png',
region=(100, 150, 400, 300),
)This still returns the image object, so you can assign the call to a variable if you need both an on-disk file and in-memory processing.
Make the rectangle explicit in your own code
Naming each component prevents accidental swapping of width and height and makes later changes readable:
import pyautogui
region_left = 20
region_top = 80
region_width = 640
region_height = 360
region = (region_left, region_top, region_width, region_height)
shot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=region)
shot.save('dashboard-region.png')Keep the tuple as four integers. If a configuration file supplies strings, convert and validate them before calling PyAutoGUI so an invalid value fails at your validation boundary rather than during capture.
Choose and verify screen coordinates
Start from the visible screen, not a window’s logical bounds
The coordinates describe the display surface available to PyAutoGUI. They are not browser CSS coordinates and they are not the right and bottom edges of a window. Identify the pixel at the upper-left of the area you want, then measure its width and height in screen pixels.
A practical way to avoid mistakes is to begin with a small test rectangle, save it, and open the resulting file. If the image starts too far left or right, change only left; if it starts too high or low, change only top. Adjust width and height independently when the origin is correct.
Use a table when you have repeatable capture targets
For scripts that capture several fixed areas, store the four values together and give each output a descriptive name:
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import pyautogui
areas = {
'toolbar': (0, 0, 1200, 90),
'main_panel': (80, 120, 1040, 700),
}
for name, region in areas.items():
pyautogui.screenshot(f'{name}.png', region=region)This keeps the coordinate order visible at the point where each rectangle is defined and makes it easy to audit a capture set.
Capture a region repeatedly
Put the operation in a function when a job needs the same geometry more than once:
from pathlib import Path
import pyautogui
def save_region(path, left, top, width, height):
image = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, width, height))
image.save(Path(path))
save_region('first.png', 100, 150, 400, 300)
save_region('second.png', 100, 150, 400, 300)The function deliberately accepts the four components separately. That makes a call self-documenting and avoids passing a five-item tuple or accidentally placing a filename inside the region value.
Timing and capture behavior
The PyAutoGUI screenshot reference gives an approximate example of roughly 100 milliseconds for a full 1,920×1,080 screen capture. That is a documentation estimate for that resolution, not a guaranteed latency or an independent benchmark; a smaller region, different display, operating system and machine load can change the result. See the screenshot reference for the documented behavior.
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If you are capturing in a loop, measure the complete operation on the machine that will run it and choose an interval that allows the target application to redraw. Saving every frame to a slow filesystem can take longer than the capture itself, so separate capture timing from file-output timing when diagnosing delays.
Troubleshoot common failures
ImportError or an error mentioning Pillow
Screenshot functions depend on Pillow. Install it in the same environment as PyAutoGUI, then rerun the script. If installation appears successful but the import still fails, compare python and pip paths and install through the interpreter that launches your script.
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Linux reports a missing scrot or Tkinter component
Install the operating-system packages listed in the official installation instructions for your Linux distribution. These are separate from the Python package and are why a successful pip install alone may not be sufficient.
The file is the wrong part of the screen
Check the tuple order first: it must be (left, top, width, height). Then verify that X is measured from the left and Y from the top. A common error is supplying right and bottom coordinates as the third and fourth values; PyAutoGUI interprets those as dimensions instead.
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Confirm that the rectangle is inside the display area and that width and height are positive integers. Test with a smaller rectangle near the top-left, where the coordinate origin is unambiguous, then expand it gradually. Also make sure the desktop or application has finished drawing before the call runs.
The capture works interactively but fails in automation
Run the script in the same logged-in desktop session used for the manual test. A process without access to an active graphical display cannot capture that display. Keep the output path absolute while debugging so a successful save is not mistaken for a missing file in an unexpected working directory.
The result looks scaled compared with what you expected
Compare the saved image’s pixel dimensions with the width and height you supplied. If they differ from the coordinate system you used to measure the screen, re-measure the rectangle in the same desktop session and test with a known-size area. Do not “fix” a coordinate-order problem by changing dimensions blindly.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.When PyAutoGUI is the wrong capture layer
PyAutoGUI captures pixels from the computer on which Python is running. It is appropriate for a visible desktop region, but it requires a desktop session and local dependencies. If your real input is a web URL and you need a repeatable server-side image, a website screenshot API avoids browser-window coordinates entirely.
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Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo captures a website from its URL through one GET request. It is not a replacement for a local desktop-region capture; it is the simpler choice when the thing you need is a clean screenshot of a web page rather than pixels at a user’s monitor coordinates. Before capture it accepts cookie or consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups and chat widgets. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads and cache hits are not billed, and the response identifies the page verdict and billing status in X-Page-Verdict and X-Billed headers.
The service also provides an MCP server for AI agents, with take_screenshot, get_page_info and capture_pdf tools for Claude, Cursor and other MCP clients. Every plan includes the same feature set: full-page screenshots with lazy images loaded, CSS-selector element capture, dark mode, device presets and custom viewports, retina scale, PDF controls, custom CSS and JavaScript, pre-capture clicks, selector or network-idle waits, request blocking, headers, cookies, user-agent and authorization settings, timezone and geolocation, transparent backgrounds, resizing, configurable-TTL caching, signed links, asynchronous jobs with signed webhooks, bulk capture for up to 100 URLs per call, a usage API and an OpenAPI specification.
Use the API base shown in the documentation at https://screenshotneo.com/docs/. The following calls use the supplied target URL and write the returned bytes to a file.
cURL
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpPython
import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Node.js
const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);ScreenshotNeo has a Free plan with 1,000 screenshots per month and no card required. Paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots; higher plans are Starter $5/3,000, Growth $15/15,000, Pro $39/60,000, Scale $99/250,000 and Business $249/1,000,000, with two months free on yearly billing. If that matches your URL-capture use case, sign up free and keep the local PyAutoGUI method for true screen-coordinate work.
Practical checklist
- Install PyAutoGUI and Pillow in the environment that runs the script.
- On Linux, complete the additional
scrotand Tkinter setup named by the official guide. - Express the rectangle as four integers:
(left, top, width, height). - Measure from the screen’s top-left origin, with X to the right and Y downward.
- Use
screenshot(region=...)when you need the returned Pillow image. - Pass a filename to
screenshot()when you want immediate file output. - Test a small rectangle, inspect its pixel dimensions, then automate repeated captures.
- Use ScreenshotNeo instead when the source is a web URL rather than a local desktop region.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I keep the screenshot in memory instead of writing a file?
Yes. Assign the result of pyautogui.screenshot(region=...) to a variable and pass that Pillow image to the rest of your Python pipeline; saving is optional.
How can I capture several fixed rectangles in one run?
Represent each target as a name and a four-value region tuple, then loop over the mapping and call screenshot() once for each output file.
Is a website screenshot API equivalent to a PyAutoGUI region?
No. PyAutoGUI reads pixels from a local display rectangle. An API such as ScreenshotNeo loads a web URL remotely, so it does not use your monitor’s left, top, width and height coordinates.
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