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Broadcom 的 Tomahawk 6-Davisson(TH6-Davisson,型號 BCM78919)是 Tomahawk 6 家族中的第三代共封裝光學(CPO)乙太網路交換器,最高交換容量為 102.4 Tb/s。這個數字指交換器的總交換容量,不是單一連線速率,也不代表 AI 訓練或整座資料中心的實際吞吐量必然翻倍。它的主要設計目標,是把光學引擎整合到交換晶片附近,減少高速電氣訊號路徑及光互連功耗。Broadcom 已宣布 Tomahawk 6 家族進入量產出貨;但截至 2026 年 8 月,公開資料對 BCM78919 本身仍以早期客戶與合作夥伴取樣為明確訊息,未提供一般通路價格或全面供貨細節。

Tomahawk 6-Davisson 是什麼?

Broadcom 於 2025 年 10 月 8 日公布 Tomahawk 6-Davisson,將其定位為 102.4 Tb/s 級 CPO Ethernet 交換器。它不是另一個獨立於 Tomahawk 6 的交換器家族,而是 Tomahawk 6 的 CPO 版本;BCM78919 是其主要產品型號。Broadcom 稱它是業界首款具有 102.4 Tb/s 光學交換容量的 CPO 乙太網路交換器,這項「首款」應視為公司發布時的產品定位。

Tomahawk 6 的非 CPO 產品也有 102.4 Tb/s 級交換容量。因此,TH6-Davisson 的關鍵差異不是容量數字獨有,而是如何將高速光學 I/O 整合到交換器中。Broadcom 發布資料與BCM78919 產品簡介列出其 CPO 架構、容量與介面規格。

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102.4 Tb/s 代表什麼?

102.4 Tb/s 是交換器資料平面的交換容量級別。它不是每個埠的速度、單一 GPU 可用的頻寬,也不是實際 AI Fabric 吞吐量的保證。產品簡介列出多種可能的埠配置,包括 64 個 1.6 TbE、128 個 800GbE、256 個 400GbE、512 個 200GbE,以及其他較低速率組合。這些是支援的配置選項,並不表示一台設備會同時以所有列出的組合運作。

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規格用語 實際含義
102.4 Tb/s 交換器總交換容量級別,不是單埠速率或實際應用吞吐量。
200 Gb/s per channel 每條高速通道的連線速率級別。
512 × 200GbE 一種高埠數埠配置,不是所有系統的固定外部形態。
64 × 1.6TbE 另一種支援的埠配置。
AI Fabric 頻寬 由多台交換器、鏈路、拓撲、端點和流量管理共同決定的網路能力。

Broadcom 所稱的「翻倍」,主要是相較其第二代 TH5-Bailly CPO 平台提高每通道線速與光學交換容量,並非每個 AI 網路或訓練工作負載都會取得兩倍有效吞吐量。實際效能還要看 NIC 與 XPU 速率、網路拓撲、壅塞控制、負載平衡、光纖配置及軟體堆疊。

CPO 如何改變交換器的光學連線?

傳統交換器把交換 ASIC、板上高速電氣走線和前面板可插拔光模組分開。ASIC 與光模組之間的高速訊號必須經過一段電氣路徑;速率與埠密度提高後,這段路徑的訊號完整性、功耗和散熱就更難處理。

CPO 將光學引擎放在交換 ASIC 封裝附近,縮短 ASIC 到光學轉換之間的高速電氣連線,再由光纖把訊號送往其他設備。BCM78919 產品簡介列出 16 個 6.4 Tb/s Davisson 光學引擎,合計形成 102.4 Tb/s 的光學交換容量,並標示 200 Gb/s PAM4 光學通道與 3 nm 製程。其光學 I/O 規格包括 512 × 200G PAM4;產品也列出 64 個整合式 Condor SerDes core,每個 core 有八個 212.5 Gb/s PAM4 SerDes 收發器及相關 PCS。

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產品簡介稱,BCM78919 可透過 512 條雙工單模光纖連接前面板;每條雙工光纖可用 1310 nm 單一波長支援 200GbE、100GbE 或 50GbE。實際端口、光纖與系統配置仍取決於整機設計。

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對 AI Fabric 有何用處?

大型 AI 訓練常有大量 GPU、XPU、NIC 與儲存節點彼此交換資料的 east-west 流量。交換器需要高容量,但也需要足夠的埠密度、負載平衡、壅塞管理、低尾端延遲和可靠的長時間連線。CPO 的設計方向,是在交換器 I/O 密度持續提高時,降低電氣連線負擔並改善光電整合。

BCM78919 並非只負責光電轉換。產品簡介列出 L2/L3 switching、IPv4/IPv6 routing、VXLAN、MPLS、GRE、Segment Routing v6、in-band telemetry、sFlow、IEEE 1588v2、IEEE 802.1AS 和 SyncE 等功能。AI 網路相關功能包括 RoCEv2、PFC、WRED、ECN、壅塞偵測、PFC-aware ECN、FastCNP、動態負載平衡、reactive path rebalancing 與快速鏈路故障切換。規格還包括 267 MB 統一封包緩衝區、每埠 12 個佇列、9416-byte jumbo frame、x4 PCIe Gen5 本地 CPU 介面,以及四個專用 50G 輔助管理 Ethernet 埠。

Broadcom 表示該平台可支援最多 512 個 XPU 的 scale-up cluster,並在 200 Gb/s 每鏈路、兩層網路架構下支援超過 100,000 個 XPU。這是網路架構級別的公司宣稱,不代表單顆 BCM78919 可以直接連接十萬個端點。交換器數量、leaf-spine 設計、超額訂閱比、NIC 與 XPU 配置、流量分布和故障策略都會影響可達規模。

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功耗與穩定性:要把設計優勢和實測宣稱分開看

Broadcom 的產品資料將 CPO 的優勢描述為降低對高速可插拔收發器的依賴、減少系統功耗和設計複雜度,並把高速 I/O 更直接地連到交換晶片。公司 briefing 進一步宣稱,相較傳統可插拔光模組,CPO 平台功耗可降低超過 70%。這是 Broadcom 的廠商數據;公開簡報沒有完整呈現所有測試條件,因此不能當成任何部署都會達到的整機節能比例。

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評估這類比較時,應先問清楚數字涵蓋的是光模組、鏈路還是整台交換器;是否包含雷射、DSP、retimer、散熱與電源轉換;以及速率、光距、環境溫度和比較對象是否一致。Broadcom briefing 中另有 TH5-Bailly 的可靠性測試資料,包括超過一百萬裝置服務小時未觀察到 link flap 的說法。那是 TH5-Bailly 測試結果,不能直接推定 TH6-Davisson 在所有生產環境都不會發生鏈路抖動或故障。

即使物理鏈路功耗降低,CPO 也不會自動消除 AI 網路的壅塞。Incast、ECMP 雜湊不均、PFC pause 傳播、封包遺失、熱點流量與尾端延遲仍須透過拓撲、NIC 韌體、網路作業系統和流量控制共同處理。交換容量提高不是壅塞管理的替代品。

CPO、可插拔光模組與 LPO:如何取捨?

方案 主要優勢 主要取捨
傳統可插拔光模組 模組可現場更換;供應選擇與維運流程成熟;交換器與光模組可分開升級。 高速電氣路徑較長;高埠密度時,功耗、散熱及訊號完整性更具挑戰。
LPO 減少或移除光模組內部分 DSP 處理,目標是降低功耗與延遲。 對主機 SerDes、光路品質、校準及系統互通性的要求更高。
CPO 光學引擎靠近交換 ASIC,目標是降低高速電氣 I/O 負擔並提高整合密度。 維修、封裝、供應鏈和系統升級更複雜;光學部分較難與交換 ASIC 獨立更換。

Broadcom 稱 TH6-Davisson 可與 200 Gb/s 每通道的 DR-based transceiver、LPO 和 CPO optical interconnects 互通。這是平台設計描述;導入前仍須就特定 NIC、光模組、鏈路距離和整機配置確認互通性,不能只憑支援清單假設所有組合都已驗證。

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導入 CPO 前要確認的維修與部署問題

CPO 以更高整合度換取光電設計上的潛在優勢,代價是維修方式可能不同於拔插一個標準光模組。Broadcom 發布資料提到可現場更換的 ELSFP 雷射模組,但公開資訊未說明完整維修流程。採購或架構評估時,應向系統供應商確認:

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  • 雷射模組是否由現場人員更換,是否需要特殊工具或服務資格。
  • 更換雷射後是否須重新校準、重新驗證鏈路,或更換整個交換器板卡。
  • 光引擎故障如何隔離:故障範圍是單一通道、單一引擎,還是可能影響整張板卡。
  • 備件、故障診斷、維修時限與服務責任由 Broadcom、OEM/ODM 或系統整合商哪一方承擔。
  • 實際光纖管理、清潔、鏈路監控與長距離驗證流程如何安排。

供貨狀態:家族量產不等於每個型號都公開供貨

2025 年 10 月 TH6-Davisson 發布稿使用「now shipping」措辭,同時在供貨說明中表示 BCM78919 正提供給早期存取客戶與合作夥伴取樣,樣品與價格需洽 Broadcom 業務代表。2026 年 3 月,Broadcom 宣布 Tomahawk 6 家族進入 production-volume shipping;同月 OFC 2026 的資料也展示 TH6-Davisson。

這些資訊可支持 Tomahawk 6 家族已進入量產出貨階段,也確認 BCM78919 已有早期客戶與合作夥伴取樣,但不足以證明該 CPO 型號已在一般通路全面供貨、具有公開標準價格或所有客戶都能直接採購。它更可能透過大型客戶、OEM/ODM 或系統整合方案導入。採購方應直接確認型號供貨時程、系統合作夥伴、樣品安排、價格、保固和維修條款。Broadcom 的相關更新見Tomahawk 6 家族量產出貨公告及OFC 2026 產品資訊。

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同一家公司與其他網路路線的比較

Tomahawk 6 非 CPO

BCM78910 系列同樣定位於最高 102.4 Tb/s Ethernet switching,支援多種高速埠配置。希望保留可插拔光模組的現場更換性、升級彈性或熟悉維運方式的客戶,可將非 CPO 配置納入比較。差別主要在光學整合方式和系統取捨,而非只有交換容量。見BCM78910 系列產品頁。

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Tomahawk Ultra 與 Jericho 4

Broadcom 在 OFC 2026 將 Tomahawk Ultra 描述為偏重超低延遲的方案,並公布 250 ns 延遲指標;Jericho 4 則面向大型、安全且無損的 Ethernet fabric,Broadcom 宣稱其架構可支援超過一百萬個 XPU。兩者定位不同,不能僅以單晶片容量或「支援多少 XPU」直接判定優劣。

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  • Switch Network Anytime: This 2 port network switch also has a 1-in-2-out configuration, allowing one Ethernet cable to be connected to two devices separately. Using the converter, you can easily switch which device uses the Network(Unable to enable both devices to access the internet simultaneously & unable to shut down both ports simultaneously.). This design facilitates network disconnection when needed in a work environment, eliminating the hassle of unplugging and re-plugging cables.
  • 1000Mbps & Support for PoE: The gigabit switch adopts a nickel-plated brass material for its metal parts, making it durable. It effectively reduces signal interference and provides a more stable network connection. Additionally, this ethernet splitter switch supports transmission speeds of up to 1000Mbps, and is compatible with PoE devices. It is suitable for network devices such as routers, computers, switches, TVs, and surveillance systems.
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InfiniBand 與 NVIDIA Spectrum-X

InfiniBand 與 Ethernet 應按端點支援、RDMA、壅塞控制、網路作業系統、互通性、運維技能和既有設備比較,而不是只看最高 Tb/s。Broadcom 以 Ethernet、RoCEv2 和 Ultra Ethernet Consortium 相容性作為其產品定位,但這不證明 Ethernet 對所有 AI 工作負載都優於 InfiniBand。NVIDIA Spectrum-X Photonics 也屬可比較的網路方向;在沒有逐項核實最新官方型號、規格、供貨和互通資料前,不宜把它與 TH6-Davisson 做數字對數字的結論性排名。

哪些資料中心適合評估 TH6-Davisson?

它較值得大型雲端服務商、AI 叢集營運者及 OEM/ODM 評估,尤其是數萬乃至更大規模 XPU fabric、每埠光互連功耗與機櫃散熱壓力顯著,且團隊具備 CPO、光纖與高頻訊號驗證能力的情境。採用者也須願意與晶片供應商及系統夥伴共同驗證 NIC、XPU、光纖距離、RoCEv2 設定、故障切換與維護流程。

若只是少量 400G/800G 埠、中小型資料中心,或維運政策高度依賴現場快速替換標準光模組,CPO 的整合與導入成本未必合理。若需求是極低延遲而非光學整合,亦應比較不同產品定位;若重點是可快速採購與公開比價,BCM78919 目前的公開資訊不足以支持直接按一般通路商品下單。

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實際評估時,除了詢問 BCM78919 的 availability、sample schedule 和系統夥伴,也應要求在目標 NIC/XPU、光纖距離及真實 RoCEv2 流量模式下進行互通與壅塞測試,並把雷射更換、備件、現場維修、光學故障診斷和每埠總持有成本納入比較。若 CPO 維護模式不符合團隊能力,可先評估 Tomahawk 6 的非 CPO 配置。

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