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Configure a proxy for a request
Guzzle accepts proxy configuration in the options array passed to request(). The following example routes HTTP and HTTPS requests through the same HTTP proxy and bypasses it for localhost and a subdomain family:
<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
use GuzzleHttpClient;
$client = new Client();
$response = $client->request('GET', 'https://example.com', [
'proxy' => [
'http' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'https' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'no' => ['localhost', '.internal.example'],
],
]);
echo $response->getStatusCode(), "n";
echo $response->getBody();The http and https keys describe the destination protocol. Their values are proxy URIs; an HTTPS destination can commonly be reached through an HTTP proxy, so the https entry above still begins with http://. Use an https:// proxy URI only when your proxy endpoint itself supports TLS and your Guzzle and libcurl versions support it.
For a single proxy endpoint used for all protocols, the proxy option can instead be a URI string, such as 'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example:8080'. The array form is preferable when you need different proxy endpoints by protocol or a bypass list. See Guzzle’s proxy request option for the documented forms.
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Set a client-wide default or override one call
Client-wide default
Put the option in the client constructor when most requests should use the same proxy:
$client = new GuzzleHttpClient([
'proxy' => [
'http' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'https' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'no' => ['localhost', '.internal.example'],
],
]);
$response = $client->request('GET', 'https://example.com');One-request override
Put proxy in the request options when only one operation needs a proxy, or when it differs from the client default. Guzzle clients are immutable after creation: to change shared defaults, create another client with the desired configuration rather than trying to mutate the existing client. Request options and their behavior are described in the Guzzle request options documentation.
Authenticate to the proxy safely
Guzzle documents proxy credentials embedded in the URI’s user information. For example:
'proxy' => 'http://username:[email protected]:8080'Do not commit a credential-bearing URI to source control or print it in logs. Load credentials from a protected environment variable or secret manager, and redact proxy URIs from exception messages and diagnostics. If the proxy expects an authentication mechanism other than URI user information, confirm that the transport handler you use supports it before deploying.
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Do not treat a destination request’s ordinary authorization settings as proxy authentication. The proxy and the destination are different peers, and credentials intended for one should not be exposed to the other. In particular, review Guzzle’s version and redirect behavior before setting a first-class Proxy-Authorization header; see the security section below.
Use environment variables and bypass selected hosts
Guzzle documents HTTP_PROXY for HTTP requests, HTTPS_PROXY for HTTPS requests, and NO_PROXY for destinations that should bypass the proxy. A Unix-like shell example is:
export HTTP_PROXY='http://proxy.example:8080'
export HTTPS_PROXY='http://proxy.example:8080'
export NO_PROXY='localhost,127.0.0.1,.internal.example'Environment settings are useful when deployment configuration, rather than application code, should choose the proxy. Guzzle documents an important caveat: it reads HTTP_PROXY only under the CLI SAPI, because untrusted CGI input can create HTTPoxy-style behavior. See Guzzle’s environment-variable guidance.
When you explicitly pass a proxy option as an array, include the no list there if those requests need exclusions. Do not assume that NO_PROXY will automatically fill an explicit option’s missing bypass list. For example, a local development call might use:
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$response = $client->request('GET', 'http://localhost:8080/health', [
'proxy' => [
'http' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'https' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'no' => ['localhost', '127.0.0.1', '.internal.example'],
],
]);Test each bypass entry against the hostnames your application actually requests. A bypass mismatch can route internal traffic through the proxy or cause a request that should use the proxy to connect directly.
Choose a proxy URL scheme without weakening TLS
There are two separate TLS questions: whether the connection to the proxy is encrypted, and whether the destination server certificate is validated. An https:// proxy URI requests TLS to the proxy itself; an HTTPS destination still needs certificate validation. Guzzle’s verify option defaults to true. Leave it enabled, or set it to a trusted CA bundle path if the runtime needs an explicit bundle:
$client->request('GET', 'https://example.com', [
'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example:8080',
'verify' => '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt',
]);Use the CA bundle path appropriate for the host system; the example path is not universal. Do not use 'verify' => false as a routine workaround. Guzzle explicitly labels disabling certificate verification insecure in its TLS verification documentation.
For an https:// proxy, Guzzle 7.12.1 or later is required to avoid the documented silent downgrade behavior, and libcurl must support HTTPS proxies. The security advisory notes that libcurl versions older than 7.50.2 may treat an HTTPS proxy as plaintext without warning. Check both the installed PHP package version and the actual libcurl used by the PHP cURL extension; the system’s command-line curl version may not describe PHP’s runtime transport.
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Check Guzzle security advisories before production
Proxy-Authorization header exposure
Upgrade to Guzzle 7.14.2 or later before using first-class Proxy-Authorization headers. A 2026 advisory says earlier versions can put that header in the origin header list when a request goes direct, bypasses the proxy, uses SOCKS, or changes route after a redirect. The advisory describes a scenario in which a request through a proxy reaches an attacker-controlled HTTP URL and follows a redirect to an HTTPS or no-proxy destination directly, potentially exposing proxy credentials. Read the Guzzle security advisories and apply the advisory’s workaround if you cannot upgrade: remove first-class Proxy-Authorization fields and, where appropriate, use proxy URL user information or CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD with a cURL handler.
Noncanonical host routing
Also review the noncanonical-host advisory before deploying. It identifies patched versions 7.15.2 and 8.0.1 for a host-routing divergence that can affect proxy selection and host checks. Confirm the advisory’s affected-version details against the version line you run; do not infer that a version from another Guzzle major line is automatically patched.
HTTPS proxy downgrade
For HTTPS proxy endpoints, use Guzzle 7.12.1 or later and a libcurl version that supports HTTPS proxies; the advisory identifies libcurl older than 7.50.2 as potentially downgrading the proxy connection to plaintext silently. The advisory records a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.3 for this issue and for the Proxy-Authorization issue; these are severity scores, not measures of how often an application will encounter the vulnerabilities.
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Guzzle can use different handlers, including cURL and PHP’s stream handler. Proxy-scheme support and handler-specific authentication options are not interchangeable. Verify the handler selected in your application and whether the required PHP cURL extension and libcurl features are installed. This matters especially for HTTPS and SOCKS proxy endpoints and options such as CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD.
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- Latency: A proxy adds a network hop and may add connection setup time. Measure the request path used in production rather than assuming the proxy is neutral.
- Connection reuse: Reuse a configured Guzzle client for requests that share its defaults; create a separate client when proxy defaults need to differ.
- Timeouts and failures: Set request timeouts appropriate to the application and distinguish proxy connection failures from destination timeouts in logs, without logging secrets.
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- Cost: Proxy provider charges, traffic allowances, and geographic options depend on the provider and are not determined by Guzzle.
Troubleshoot common proxy failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check or change |
|---|---|---|
| Connection refused or timeout before an HTTP response | Wrong proxy hostname or port, unavailable endpoint, firewall restriction, or unsupported proxy protocol | Confirm the effective URI and scheme without printing credentials; test network access to the proxy host and port, then verify handler support. |
| HTTP works but HTTPS fails | Separate http and https entries differ, proxy CONNECT behavior is unavailable, or TLS trust is misconfigured |
Test an HTTP and HTTPS destination separately. Confirm the HTTPS destination’s proxy entry and keep verify enabled with a trusted CA bundle. |
| HTTPS proxy appears to connect without encryption | Guzzle or libcurl is too old for the selected scheme | Use Guzzle 7.12.1 or later and verify the libcurl linked to PHP supports HTTPS proxies; do not rely on a quiet connection as proof of TLS. |
| Local or internal host unexpectedly uses the proxy | The host is missing from the explicit no list or does not match the configured bypass |
Add the required hostname to no when passing explicit proxy options, then test localhost and each internal domain individually. |
| Proxy credentials are rejected | Incorrect user information, unsupported authentication mechanism, or credentials encoded incorrectly in a URI | Verify credentials with the proxy operator and check transport-handler support. Keep secrets out of source and logs. |
| Certificate verification fails | The runtime lacks a trusted CA bundle or the destination/proxy certificate chain is invalid | Install or point to a trusted CA bundle with verify; do not disable validation. |
| Credentials appear on a redirected or direct request | First-class Proxy-Authorization header behavior on an affected Guzzle version |
Upgrade to Guzzle 7.14.2 or later, review redirect and bypass paths, and follow the advisory workaround where upgrading is not immediately possible. |
| Proxy choice differs for unusual hostnames | Host normalization or routing divergence covered by the noncanonical-host advisory | Review the advisory and use a patched version, listed as 7.15.2 or 8.0.1 for the affected lines. |
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Does Guzzle proxy configuration support a bypass list?
Yes. In an explicit array-form proxy option, use the no entry for hosts that should connect directly.
Can I use an HTTPS destination through an HTTP proxy?
Yes. The proxy URI describes the proxy endpoint; an HTTP proxy can be used for an HTTPS destination when it supports the required tunneling behavior.
Does configuring a proxy make destination TLS verification unnecessary?
No. Keep Guzzle’s verify option enabled so the destination certificate is validated.
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