Short answer: SeleniumLibrary’s Capture Page Screenshot is the normal starting point, but it usually captures only the visible browser viewport. To save the whole document as one image, use a browser/driver full-page command when your driver supports one. Otherwise, measure the document, resize the window for a single capture, or capture overlapping scroll segments and stitch them. Always wait for dynamic content and restore the original window size.
What Robot Framework captures by default
SeleniumLibrary documents Capture Page Screenshot as taking a screenshot of the current page and embedding it into the log file. With an optional filename, it writes to the configured screenshot directory (or the Robot Framework log directory by default) and returns the path. In ordinary use, the result is a viewport screenshot, not a guaranteed image of every pixel in the document.
That distinction explains why a long page can appear to be missing its lower sections. A failure screenshot may show exactly what the browser viewport contained at the instant of failure. Full-document coverage depends on the browser driver and on how you implement the capture.
Prepare a repeatable SeleniumLibrary test
Set an explicit output directory, use indexed names, and wait for the page’s meaningful content before measuring or capturing it.
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*** Settings ***
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Variables ***
${URL} https://example.com
*** Test Cases ***
Capture viewport evidence
Open Browser ${URL} chrome
Set Screenshot Directory ${OUTPUTDIR}/screenshots
Wait Until Page Contains Element css:main 30s
Capture Page Screenshot example-viewport-{index}.png
[Teardown] Close All Browsers{index} is replaced with an incrementing number, preventing repeated runs from overwriting earlier artifacts. SeleniumLibrary also supports EMBED to place the image in log.html and, in supported versions, BASE64 to return an encoded image while embedding it. Use a stable directory when CI needs to publish the files separately from Robot’s HTML report.
Method 1: use a driver-specific full-page command
Some browser drivers expose a native full-page screenshot operation. This is the most faithful approach when available because the driver performs the capture rather than relying on a window that may be subject to operating-system limits. The exact command and support vary by browser, driver version, and headless mode, so keep this path behind a small custom keyword and verify it on every browser/driver combination in your matrix.
Do not describe Capture Page Screenshot itself as a universal full-page command. If your selected driver has no document-screenshot capability, use the resizing or stitching patterns below.
Method 2: resize to the document dimensions
A practical fallback is to read the document’s total dimensions, enlarge the browser window, capture, and restore the original size. The JavaScript values document.documentElement.scrollWidth and scrollHeight include content outside the current viewport.
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Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Test Cases ***
Capture resized full page
Open Browser https://example.com chrome
Set Screenshot Directory ${OUTPUTDIR}/screenshots
Wait Until Page Contains Element css:main 30s
Sleep 1s
${old_width} ${old_height}= Get Window Size
${page_width}= Execute Javascript return Math.max(document.documentElement.scrollWidth, document.body ? document.body.scrollWidth : 0);
${page_height}= Execute Javascript return Math.max(document.documentElement.scrollHeight, document.body ? document.body.scrollHeight : 0);
Set Window Size ${page_width} ${page_height}
Capture Page Screenshot example-full-{index}.png
Set Window Size ${old_width} ${old_height}
[Teardown] Close All BrowsersThis is an implementation pattern, not a Selenium guarantee. Window managers and headless drivers can impose maximum dimensions; a very tall page can exceed image-memory limits; and resizing can trigger responsive breakpoints. Record the resulting image dimensions and inspect a representative long page in the same environment used by CI.
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Wait before measuring
Measure only after asynchronous content has settled. Wait for a stable landmark, then account for images, fonts, advertisements, and JavaScript that add height after the initial DOM appears.
- Wait for a page-specific element such as
css:mainor a “loaded” marker. - Use an explicit delay only when the application has no reliable readiness signal.
- For lazy-loaded sections, scroll through the page first so content is requested before taking the final measurement.
- Disable animations or apply test CSS where animation changes layout during capture.
Restore the browser in every outcome
If a later assertion fails while the window is enlarged, subsequent tests can inherit the wrong dimensions. Put restoration in a teardown or a custom keyword with a guaranteed cleanup path. Keep the original width and height, not just a hard-coded default.
Method 3: scroll, capture, and stitch
When a driver cannot create a sufficiently large surface, capture overlapping viewport segments and combine them in a Python keyword. Overlap is important: sticky headers, fractional pixel rounding, and asynchronous layout can otherwise create seams or missing rows.
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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstall- Read the viewport width and height and the document’s scroll height.
- Scroll to the first position and wait for layout to settle.
- Capture a viewport image.
- Advance by less than one viewport height, retaining an overlap.
- Repeat until the bottom is covered, then stitch the segments in document order.
During the pass, scrolling may trigger lazy images and alter the page height. Re-read the height after the first sweep, or perform a warm-up scroll from top to bottom and back before collecting final segments. Fixed headers should be cropped from subsequent segments or accounted for by the stitching code; otherwise they appear repeatedly. This method is slower and requires image-processing code, but it avoids asking the browser for an impractically tall window.
Choosing between the approaches
| Approach | Document coverage | Driver dependence | Lazy content and sticky headers | CI reproducibility | Typical trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Native driver full-page command | Potentially the whole document | High; support varies | Still requires page readiness | Good when pinned and tested | Best fidelity where implemented |
| Resize and capture | Whole document when limits allow | Medium | Responsive layout can change; lazy content needs warm-up | Depends on headless window limits | Simple, but very tall pages can fail |
| Scroll and stitch | Whole document after overlap coverage | Low to medium | Needs explicit handling | More moving parts | Works when large surfaces do not |
| Capture Page Screenshot | Normally viewport only | SeleniumLibrary standard keyword | Captures the current state only | High for ordinary evidence | Fastest, but not a full-page solution |
Element and desktop screenshots are different
Capture Element Screenshot targets one located element. SeleniumLibrary warns that element screenshot support is limited by browser-vendor implementation, so it is not a reliable substitute for a whole-document capture.
Robot Framework’s built-in Screenshot library captures the machine desktop. Its documentation requires a physical or virtual display plus a supported operating-system tool or Python module. It is useful for desktop evidence, but it does not guarantee a complete browser document and may include other windows, browser chrome, or the desktop background.
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Full-page failures and fixes
The image stops at the fold
Cause: the standard keyword captured the viewport. Fix: use a native driver command, the resize pattern, or scroll-and-stitch; confirm the output height rather than trusting the filename.
The bottom is blank or missing
Cause: lazy loading or scripts had not completed when dimensions were read. Fix: wait for a stable selector, warm-scroll the page, wait for images or application-specific readiness, then measure again.
Resizing fails or the image is truncated
Cause: operating-system, headless-driver, or image-memory limits. Fix: use a smaller viewport and stitching, or a driver-native full-page operation. Pin browser and driver versions in CI.
Repeated headers or visible seams appear
Cause: fixed or sticky elements are present in every segment, or segments do not overlap. Fix: crop fixed regions in the stitcher, use a consistent scroll position, and retain an overlap between captures.
The page changes after scrolling
Cause: scrolling activated lazy content, ads, animations, or infinite scrolling. Fix: freeze or disable moving components where possible, complete a warm-up pass, and define a stopping condition for infinite pages.
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Files overwrite one another
Cause: a fixed filename is reused. Fix: set the screenshot directory and use SeleniumLibrary’s {index} replacement or include a unique test identifier.
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The desktop library cannot run in CI
Cause: no physical or virtual display or no supported capture dependency. Fix: configure a virtual display for desktop evidence, or use SeleniumLibrary/browser-document capture when only the page is required.
Make captures reliable in headless CI
- Pin the browser and driver versions and use the same viewport and device scale factor on every worker.
- Wait on application state, not an arbitrary “page loaded” event alone.
- Capture after fonts and images settle; otherwise text reflow changes the result.
- Log the URL, viewport, document dimensions, browser version, and capture method beside the artifact.
- Keep a small set of long, lazy-loaded, sticky-header pages as regression fixtures.
- Compare dimensions and key landmarks in addition to performing a visual review.
Or skip the browser setup:
ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. It accepts cookie and consent banners as a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and response headers report the page verdict and whether the shot was billed. Its MCP tools—take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf—work with Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients.
The API includes full-page capture with lazy images loaded, CSS-selector element capture, dark mode, device presets or custom viewports, retina scale, PDF paper and page-range controls, custom CSS and JavaScript, clicks before capture, selector/delay/network-idle waits, request and resource blocking, headers, cookies, user-agent and Authorization settings, timezone and geolocation, transparent backgrounds, resizing, selectable cache TTLs, signed image links, asynchronous jobs with signed webhooks, bulk capture of up to 100 URLs per call, a usage API, and an OpenAPI specification. Common screenshot-API parameter names are accepted to ease migration.
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FAQ
Does a full-page screenshot include content below an iframe?
Not necessarily. Cross-origin or separately rendered content may be controlled by the embedded frame’s browser context. Treat iframe coverage as a separate compatibility case and verify it with the exact driver or API you deploy.
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Should I prefer PNG, JPEG, or WebP for Robot artifacts?
Choose according to your evidence pipeline: lossless PNG preserves text edges, while JPEG or WebP can reduce file size. The Robot keyword’s output is generally determined by the filename and driver support; validate the format produced in your environment.
How can I prove that the capture was really full page?
Record the measured document width and height, the final image dimensions, browser and driver versions, and the capture method. Check landmarks near the top, middle, and bottom rather than relying only on a thumbnail.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does a full-page screenshot include content below an iframe?
Not necessarily. Cross-origin or separately rendered content may be controlled by the embedded frame’s browser context. Treat iframe coverage as a separate compatibility case and verify it with the exact driver or API you deploy.
Should I prefer PNG, JPEG, or WebP for Robot artifacts?
Choose according to your evidence pipeline: lossless PNG preserves text edges, while JPEG or WebP can reduce file size. Validate the format produced by your browser and driver.
How can I prove that the capture was really full page?
Record document and image dimensions, browser and driver versions, and the capture method; then inspect landmarks near the top, middle, and bottom.
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